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XR > image production 4.2 110420 > Flashcards

image production 4.2 110420 Flashcards

1
Q

Receptor exposure may be defined as

A

Dose area product

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2
Q

The primary controlling factors of receptor exposure

A

mAs and SID

mAs controls electron flowing thru XR tube and striking anode

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3
Q

Receptor exposure was formerly called

A

density

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4
Q

The radiograph image is formed by

A

exit rays striking the image receptor

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5
Q

The number of electrons boiled off the cathode and consequently the number of XRs produced are controlled by

A

mAs

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6
Q

mAs directly control

A

The quantity of XRs produced at anode

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7
Q

Visible differences in adjacent structures on a radiographic image describe

A

contrast resolution

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8
Q

The primary controlling factor of contrast is

A

KVP and bit depth
KVP controls wavelength and penetrating ability of beam.
In digital imaging window width can be used to manipulate contrast

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9
Q

Which of the following describes the relationship between mAs and receptor exposure

A

receptor exposure is directly proportional to mAs

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10
Q

The relationship between KVP and receptor exposure may be described as

A

Direct, although not proportional

It is governed by 15% rule

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11
Q

The active portion of a CR IP is

A

PSP

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12
Q

The role of KVP in radiographic image production

A
  1. As KVP is increased, penetrating ability of the XRs increase
  2. As KVP is increased, more XRs exit the pt to strike the IR
  3. As KVP increases, receptor exposure increases
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13
Q

Which of the following governs the relationship between SID and receptor exposure

A

Inverse square law

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14
Q

If SID is doubled, what may be said about receptor exposure

A

RE is reduced to 1/4

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15
Q

If SID is reduced by one half, what must be done mAs to maintain a constant receptor exposure

A

Reduce mAs to 1/4 it

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16
Q

Grey tones (high KVP)

A

long scale, low contrast

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17
Q

Black and white

A

short scale, high contrast

18
Q

lower spatial reso

A

wide pixel pitch

19
Q

The variation of XR intensity along the longitudinal axis of the XR beam describes

A

anode heel effect

20
Q

XR tube angle

A

affects receptor exposure

21
Q

What kind of interactions contribute to differential absorption

A

Photoelectric interaction

Influenced by atomic number not atomic mass of anatomical structures

22
Q

What effect does beam restriction have on contrast

A

increases contrast bc of reduction in the number of Compton interactions that occur
Compton interactions produce scatter which causes contrast to decrease

23
Q

The adjustment in technical factors reqd when using beam restriction is

A

increase mAs to compensate for the number of rays removed from the primary beam

24
Q

What effect does the use of radiographic grids have on contrast

A

increases contrast by absorbing scatter radiation

25
Q

As the amount of beam filteration is increased

A

contrast decreases

Overall wavelength of beam is shorter resulting in lower contrast

26
Q

spatial resolution is

A

geometric representation of the part being radiographed

Controlled by SID, OID, focal spot size, ptixel pitch

27
Q

what SID, OID, focal spot size be for higher spatial reso

A

long SID, short OID, small focal spot

28
Q

Optimal spatial reso may be created usng which of the following factors

A

narrow pixel pitch

29
Q

Improper use of grids may result in an image artifcact known as

A

moire pattern

30
Q

Distortion may be described as

A

misrepresentation of an anatomic structure on the image

31
Q

Elongation and foreshortening are examples of

A

shape distortion

32
Q

single phase full wave rectification produce

A

100% ripple and pulsating DC with 120 pulse per sec

33
Q

3 phase 6 pulse full wave rectification produces

A

13% ripple DC

34
Q

3 phase 12 pulse full wave rectification produces

A

4% ripple DC

35
Q

The increase in average photon energy with 3 phase 6 pulse equipment compared to single phase

A

is 35% higher energy than single phase

KVP X MAS X 1.35= heat calculations

36
Q

The increase in average photon energy with 3 phase 12 pulse equipment compared to single phase

A

is 41% higher energy than single phase

KVP X MAS X 1.41= heat calculations

37
Q

single phase equipment average photon energy is

A

kvp x mas= heat calculations

38
Q

to get more black and white on image what kind of kvp do you use

A

lower kvp

= higher contrast = short scale

39
Q

to get more shades of grey what kind of kvp do you use

A

high kvp

= low contrast = long scale

40
Q

different types of interactions with incident e

A

characteristic or brem

41
Q

different types of interactions with patient

A

compton or photoelectric

XR (10 decks)

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