Image Processing And Dynamic Range

Question 0

Grainy or granular appearance in tissues that are really homogenous. Thus, this is artifact and does not represent actual tissue texture. This is created by interference effects of scattered sound, both constructive and destructive, from the many tiny tissue reflectors.

Answer 0

Speckle (hint: look for the words – grainy or granular, and interference effects)

Question 1

This helps to improve images by filling in missing information such as occurs when scanlines separate as the sound beams move deeper into the body.

Answer 1

Fill in interpolation

Question 2

Creating an image by averaging images obtained from different views when the transducer is electronically steered in different directions.

Answer 2

Spatial compounding

Question 3

Creating an image by overlaying images obtained at different times

Answer 3

Temporal compounding or persistence

Question 4

Creating an image by averaging frames obtained from different frequency some bands

Answer 4

Frequency compounding

Question 5

A form of electronic receive focusing which varies the number of elements used to receive the reflected signal. This allows the received beam to be as narrow as possible at all depths, and optimizes lateral resolution at all depths.

Answer 5

Dynamic aperture

Question 6

Increases the contrast at a boundary to make an image appear sharper; most useful to emphasize different tissues. Ideally suited to distinguish interfaces between structures with different grayscale characteristics

Answer 6

Edge enhancement

Question 7

Creates long sound pulses that contain a wide range of frequencies and patterns. Special mathematical techniques alter the long reflections into a form suitable for high-quality images. This takes place in the transducer.

Answer 7

Coded excitation

Question 8

Dynamic technique that produces images based on the deformation when a force is applied to a tissue. The force can be exerted by the sonographer or by a strong pulse from the transducer.

Answer 8

Elastography

Question 9

Creation of an image based on three dimensional data acquired during the ultrasound exam. It provides an element of realism to the image. Gives images computer-generated effects like shadows, color, texture

Answer 9

Rendering

Question 10

The ratio of the largest to the smallest signal strength that each component processes. It is the number of choices. It indicates the number of gray shades. It is measured in decibels.

Answer 10

Dynamic range is a ratio of two numbers; units decibels.

Question 11

Picture archiving and communications system

Answer 11

PACS

Question 12

Provides standards or guidelines for imaging networks

Answer 12

DICOM