Illustrated History of LA - 20th Century Flashcards
Significant movements that affected American landscape design
Country Place Era, the City Beautiful Movement, Modernism, Land Art, Environmentalism, Postmodernism and Ecological Design
European-styled houses and gardens—
manors, villas, castles, and chateaux
Beatrix Jones Farrand (1872–1959)
was a founding member of the American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA) and a pioneering woman designer.
Charles A. Platt (1861–1933)
was an architect whose work was informed by a sense of spatial order and visual coherence reminiscent of Italian Renaissance gardens
His book, Italian Gardens (1894), was influential in introducing architectonic spatial relationships to residential design in America
In 1935 Mather hired Ellen Shipman to redesign
Platt’s formal gardens.
Journalist and author Charles Mulford Robinson (1869–1917)
Modern Civic Art, or the City Made Beautiful (1903) helped make the commitment to civic improvement a fashionable cause.
Daniel Burnham’s formal plan for the redesign of Chicago
included radial and diagonal street systems, wide boulevards, and a monumental civic center
McMillan Plan - Washington, DC.
sculptor Augustus Saint Gaudens, and architect Charles McKim, was appointed by the McMillan Commission to enact Pierre L’Enfant’s 1791 plan (McMillan)
Walter Gropius (1883–1969) founded the Bauhaus and was its director from 1925 to 1933
He became the head of the Graduate School of Design at Harvard, in 1933, and brought the International Style to America.
Charles-Edouard Jeanneret (Le Corbusier, 1887–1965)
applied the International Style to residential design
Gabriel Guevrekian (1900–1970)
Guevrekian’s work positioned the garden as a conceptual artistic statement, where plants functioned as abstract masses of color. He explored many of the same ideas in his later work at Villa Noailles (1927). His gardens were often referred to in the press as “cubist” gardens
Fletcher Steele (1885–1971)
was a Boston writer, critic, and landscape designer whose work can be seen as a link between Beaux-Arts formality and modernism. He
Thomas Church (1902–1978)
was a Beaux-Arts trained landscape architect based in California whose practice primarily focused on residential design
The Donnell Garden, completed between 1947 and 1949, in Sonoma, California, is perhaps his most recognizable work.
Garrett Eckbo (1910–2000)
was one of the fi rst landscape designers to rebel against the Beaux-Arts formalism that was still being taught in professional schools
Eckbo used his own backyard to showcase his innovative design solutions, which included screens, trellises, and a fountain, all made from aluminum.
Dan Kiley (1912–2004)
he designed many well-known plazas for banks and private businesses.
Lawrence Halprin (1916– 2009)
was also one of the first advocates for citizen participation in the design process
Sea Ranch
a housing development in Gualala, California, completed in 1965, is an excellent example of Halprin’s commitment to working collaboratively with other professionals and with the forces of nature.
1962 renovation of the old Ghirardelli chocolate factory into a public plaza in San Francisco
Halprin’s one of the first examples of successful adaptive reuse
Lawrence Halprin Well-Known Works
Ira Keller fountain in Portland, Oregon; Freeway Park in Seattle, Washington; Levi Strauss Plaza in San Francisco, California; and the FDR Memorial in Washington, DC.
Burle Marx (1909–1994)
was a Brazilian landscape designer whose work reflected his interests in botany and painting.
The work of more recent landscape designers such as Kathryn Gustafson, Patricia Johanson, and Spanish landscape architect Fernando Caruncho
speaks to the legacy of Burle Marx and Luis Barragán
Jens Jensen (1860–1951)
was conscious of environmental themes early in his professional career
his practice consisted of large-scale residential projects and smaller urban parks.
His book Siftings, from 1933, presented his ideology of environmental design.
Richard Haag
Redesigned the first landscape reclamation project - Gas Works Park in Seattle, Washington
Peter Latz
He transformed a 500-acre abandoned steel and coal production facility in the Ruhr River valley into public open space as part of the Emscher Park regional redevelopment plan.
