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History of Landscape Architecture > Illustrated History of LA - 17th Century > Flashcards

Illustrated History of LA - 17th Century Flashcards

1
Q

Jamestown, Virginia

A

founded by the English in 1607;

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2
Q

Quebec

A

was settled by the French in 1608

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3
Q

Sante Fe

A

developed by the Spanish in 1609

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4
Q

New Amsterdam

A

was claimed by the Dutch in 1624

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5
Q

Taj Mahal, Katsura Imperial Villa, and Versailles

A

Some of the world’s most illustrious gardens were created in the 17th century

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6
Q

Stroll gardens

A

designed to recall the natural scenery of Japan

surrounded a lake

often contained tea houses, pavilions, sculptural lanterns, and pagodas.

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7
Q

TSUBONIWA

A

Interior courtyard gardens contained evocative elements, as did stroll gardens and tea gardens, but were meant only for viewing, not occupation

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8
Q

In 17th-century - Japan

A

gardening was a booming business.

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9
Q

SHAKKEI:

A

A view of Mt. Hiei is incorporated into the garden at Entsu-ji

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10
Q

Examples of imperial villas

A

Katsura-Rikyu, Shugaku-in, and Sento Gosho.

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11
Q

Katsura Villa

A

was planned as a countryside retreat in 1620 by Prince Toshihito (1570–1629)

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12
Q

Amanohashidate

A

a monolithic stone bridge, and stone lanterns

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13
Q

Sento Gosho

A

distinguished by its pebbled beach, turtle island, and earth bridge.

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14
Q

Korakuen

A

was a pleasure park built by the Tokugawa daimyo Yorifusa Mito in 1629

Shrubs were clipped to look like rocks: low broad lanterns harmonize with the horizontality of the lake.

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15
Q

Lu Shan

A

30-foot-high artifi cial mountain,

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16
Q

The Mughal empire

A

at its height stretched from the base of the Himalayas to the Bay of Bengal, covering territories in present day Afghanistan and northwest India

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17
Q

Persian styles

A

including the chahar bagh form

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18
Q

17th Century Mughal art

A

shows the influence of both Hindu and Islamic cultures

aspects of a Buddhist aesthetic based on organic patterns and sculptural ornamentation were combined with the Islamic sense of mathematical order and geometry

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19
Q

LAKE DAL, KASHMIR

A

Hundreds of gardens were believed to have been built around Lake Dal and the town of Srinagar during Jahangir’s rule

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20
Q

chini-kana

A

is a low wall with niches, like a dovecote;

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21
Q

chadar

A

a sloped surface with patterns carved in relief.

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22
Q

chabutras

A

raised platforms

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23
Q

baradari

A

Open pavilions or summerhouses

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24
Q

chenars

A

plane trees

25
Shah Jahan
built gardens in Lahore and Delhi, both named Shalamar Bagh His great contribution to landscape history was the Taj Mahal also had an impact on the history of city planning, building the cityfort at Agra and the Red Fort in Delhi.
26
Cypress trees
representing death
27
Fruit trees
representing life
28
Shalamar
built as a summer palace along the shores of Lake Dal by Jahangir in 1619
29
Chehel Sotoon
reconstructed by Shah Abbas II in 1647
30
Baroque styles
were characterized by a restlessness and exaggeration of detail.
31
Italian gardens of the 17th century
were large-scale productions, no longer limited by the conception of villa, garden, and bosco as an ensemble complete in itself
32
nymphaeum
water theater
33
Atlas
at center holding up the world, drenched by a cascade from above.
34
berceaux
vault-shaped trellises
35
parterres de pieces coupées
patterns made primarily with flowers
36
Het Loo
the royal palace of William and Mary, exemplifies 17th-century Dutch garden style
37
Dutch, French, and Italian influences
can be seen in 17th-century English gardens.
38
17th CENTURY / ENGLISH GARDENS
Emphasis was on the planting of flowers, particularly tulips, as well as the creation of topiary forms
39
The Great Fountain Court
designed by Daniel Marot, dates from the reign of William and Mary
40
French military engineers
were the first to deal with massive earthworks
41
Louis XIV (1638–1715)
was able to subordinate the dissidents and establish an absolute monarchy; in 1655, he proclaimed “L’Etat, c’est moi” (I am the State).
42
formal gardens
was the stage for the political and social theater of 17thcentury France
43
Andre Le Notre (1613–1700)
grew up in Paris, where his father was superintendent of the royal palace gardens at the Tuileries studied the curriculum for landscape designers suggested by the recognized authority on gardening understood space as an abstraction, and was able to impart more clarity and unity on the style of his predecessors
44
Jacques Boyceau
geometry, perspective, drafting, architecture, and horticulture.
45
Le Notre at age of 37,
teamed up with his artist friend Charles Le Brun and the architect Louis Le Vau to undertake work for Louis XIV’s finance minister.
46
Vaux-le-Vicomte
was the first in a series of notable collaborations, and epitomizes the spirit of the 17th-century French formal garden
47
La Theorie et le pratique du jardinage
written in 1709, summarized the elements of the French Classical garden based on Le Notre’s work.
48
Nicolas Fouquet (superintendent of finances for the king)
hired the team of Le Notre, Le Brun, and Le Vau to design his new chateau at Maincy (about 34 miles from Paris).
49
bosquets
Small clearings and paths hidden within the ornamental groves
50
tapis vert
sloping lawn
51
Versailles
located in a lowland marsh, contained thousands of water features and fountains
52
MACHINE DE MARLY
Fourteen wheels lifted water 528 feet into reservoirs and aqueducts to supply Versailles’s waterworks
53
17th Century Summary
Straight lines! In the 17th century, the landscape was ordered by geometries that expressed the power and authority of humans over nature. Whether through monumental axes or lines of sight, as chahar baghs or with borrowed scenery, gardens extended into the landscape, literally and fi guratively.
54
Mughal gardens .
are characterized by the four-square paradise form
55
MUGHAL EMPIRE
Chadars, Chini-kanas, Chabutras
56
PERSIA
Talars, Chahar baghs, Flowers
57
ITALY
Water theaters, Stairs, “Stage” management
58
FRANCE
Refl ective pools, Bosquets, Parterres de broderie

History of Landscape Architecture (9 decks)

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