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History of Landscape Architecture > Illustrated History of LA - 17th Century > Flashcards

Illustrated History of LA - 17th Century Flashcards

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1
Q

Jamestown, Virginia

A

founded by the English in 1607;

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2
Q

Quebec

A

was settled by the French in 1608

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3
Q

Sante Fe

A

developed by the Spanish in 1609

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4
Q

New Amsterdam

A

was claimed by the Dutch in 1624

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5
Q

Taj Mahal, Katsura Imperial Villa, and Versailles

A

Some of the world’s most illustrious gardens were created in the 17th century

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6
Q

Stroll gardens

A

designed to recall the natural scenery of Japan

surrounded a lake

often contained tea houses, pavilions, sculptural lanterns, and pagodas.

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7
Q

TSUBONIWA

A

Interior courtyard gardens contained evocative elements, as did stroll gardens and tea gardens, but were meant only for viewing, not occupation

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8
Q

In 17th-century - Japan

A

gardening was a booming business.

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9
Q

SHAKKEI:

A

A view of Mt. Hiei is incorporated into the garden at Entsu-ji

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10
Q

Examples of imperial villas

A

Katsura-Rikyu, Shugaku-in, and Sento Gosho.

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11
Q

Katsura Villa

A

was planned as a countryside retreat in 1620 by Prince Toshihito (1570–1629)

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12
Q

Amanohashidate

A

a monolithic stone bridge, and stone lanterns

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13
Q

Sento Gosho

A

distinguished by its pebbled beach, turtle island, and earth bridge.

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14
Q

Korakuen

A

was a pleasure park built by the Tokugawa daimyo Yorifusa Mito in 1629

Shrubs were clipped to look like rocks: low broad lanterns harmonize with the horizontality of the lake.

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15
Q

Lu Shan

A

30-foot-high artifi cial mountain,

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16
Q

The Mughal empire

A

at its height stretched from the base of the Himalayas to the Bay of Bengal, covering territories in present day Afghanistan and northwest India

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17
Q

Persian styles

A

including the chahar bagh form

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18
Q

17th Century Mughal art

A

shows the influence of both Hindu and Islamic cultures

aspects of a Buddhist aesthetic based on organic patterns and sculptural ornamentation were combined with the Islamic sense of mathematical order and geometry

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19
Q

LAKE DAL, KASHMIR

A

Hundreds of gardens were believed to have been built around Lake Dal and the town of Srinagar during Jahangir’s rule

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20
Q

chini-kana

A

is a low wall with niches, like a dovecote;

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21
Q

chadar

A

a sloped surface with patterns carved in relief.

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22
Q

chabutras

A

raised platforms

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23
Q

baradari

A

Open pavilions or summerhouses

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24
Q

chenars

A

plane trees

25
Q

Shah Jahan

A

built gardens in Lahore and Delhi, both named Shalamar Bagh

His great contribution to landscape history was the Taj Mahal

also had an impact on the history of city planning, building the cityfort at Agra and the Red Fort in Delhi.

26
Q

Cypress trees

A

representing death

27
Q

Fruit trees

A

representing life

28
Q

Shalamar

A

built as a summer palace along the shores of Lake Dal by Jahangir in 1619

29
Q

Chehel Sotoon

A

reconstructed by Shah Abbas II in 1647

30
Q

Baroque styles

A

were characterized by a restlessness and exaggeration of detail.

31
Q

Italian gardens of the 17th century

A

were large-scale productions, no longer limited by the conception of villa, garden, and bosco as an ensemble complete in itself

32
Q

nymphaeum

A

water theater

33
Q

Atlas

A

at center holding up the world, drenched by a cascade from above.

34
Q

berceaux

A

vault-shaped trellises

35
Q

parterres de pieces coupées

A

patterns made primarily with flowers

36
Q

Het Loo

A

the royal palace of William and Mary, exemplifies 17th-century Dutch garden style

37
Q

Dutch, French, and Italian influences

A

can be seen in 17th-century English gardens.

38
Q

17th CENTURY / ENGLISH GARDENS

A

Emphasis was on the planting of flowers, particularly tulips, as well as the creation of topiary forms

39
Q

The Great Fountain Court

A

designed by Daniel Marot, dates from the reign of William and Mary

40
Q

French military engineers

A

were the first to deal with massive earthworks

41
Q

Louis XIV (1638–1715)

A

was able to subordinate the dissidents and establish an absolute monarchy;

in 1655, he proclaimed “L’Etat, c’est moi” (I am the State).

42
Q

formal gardens

A

was the stage for the political and social theater of 17thcentury France

43
Q

Andre Le Notre (1613–1700)

A

grew up in Paris, where his father was superintendent of the royal palace gardens at the Tuileries

studied the curriculum for landscape designers suggested by the recognized authority on gardening

understood space as an abstraction, and was able to impart more clarity and unity on the style of his predecessors

44
Q

Jacques Boyceau

A

geometry, perspective, drafting, architecture, and horticulture.

45
Q

Le Notre at age of 37,

A

teamed up with his artist friend Charles Le Brun and the architect Louis Le Vau to undertake work for Louis XIV’s finance minister.

46
Q

Vaux-le-Vicomte

A

was the first in a series of notable collaborations, and epitomizes the spirit of the 17th-century French formal garden

47
Q

La Theorie et le pratique du jardinage

A

written in 1709, summarized the elements of the French Classical garden based on Le Notre’s work.

48
Q

Nicolas Fouquet (superintendent of finances for the king)

A

hired the team of Le Notre, Le Brun, and Le Vau to design his new chateau at Maincy (about 34 miles from Paris).

49
Q

bosquets

A

Small clearings and paths hidden within the ornamental groves

50
Q

tapis vert

A

sloping lawn

51
Q

Versailles

A

located in a lowland marsh, contained thousands of water features and fountains

52
Q

MACHINE DE MARLY

A

Fourteen wheels lifted water 528 feet into reservoirs and aqueducts to supply Versailles’s waterworks

53
Q

17th Century Summary

A

Straight lines! In the 17th century, the landscape was ordered by geometries that expressed the power and authority of humans over nature. Whether through monumental axes or lines of sight, as chahar baghs or with borrowed scenery, gardens extended into the landscape, literally and fi guratively.

54
Q

Mughal gardens .

A

are characterized by the four-square paradise form

55
Q

MUGHAL EMPIRE

A

Chadars, Chini-kanas, Chabutras

56
Q

PERSIA

A

Talars, Chahar baghs, Flowers

57
Q

ITALY

A

Water theaters, Stairs, “Stage” management

58
Q

FRANCE

A

Refl ective pools, Bosquets, Parterres de broderie

History of Landscape Architecture (9 decks)

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