ILLIAD 11-21 (Test 2) Flashcards
Goddess who when not invited to the wedding of Peleus, yeeted an apple for the fairest
Discord
Trojan warrior and advisor of Hector, born the same night as Hector
Polydamas
Why did Agamemnon show no pity for the sons of Antimachus
When Menelaus and Odysseus came to Troy as envoys to negotiate, Antimachus favored and suggested that the Trojans kill the Envoys
What message did Zeus send to Hector by Iris
While Hector saw Agamemnon leading his men and making havoc of the Trojans he was to stay out of the fray. Once Agamemnon was wounded, he should fight all the way to the Greek ships
Who wounded Agamemnon? Why? Where was he wounded?
Coon the oldest sone of Antenor, wounded Agamemnon on in the middle of the arm, after Agamemnon killed his brother Iphidamas
_______ injured Machaon. Why was this injury a major blow to the Greeks
Paris, Machaon was a physician, making him very important to all Greek soldiers
What idea did Nestor plant in the mind of Patroclus
Nestor asked Patroclus to persuade Achilles to rejoin the fight or send Patrolocous to fight in the armor of Achilles
Son of Priam: Athene will disguise herself as Deiphobus in Book 22
Deiphobus
How did Polydamas interpret the bird sign from Zeus?
Polydamas said the Trojans might break the wall but would lose many men by the ships
What was Hector’s reply?
Hector said that he would follow the counsels of Zeus rather than the flight of birds and would continue fighting
Who was Sarpedon? WHy did he decide to join the fight?
Sarpedon was very old mortal, son of Zeus and the king of Lycia. He was incited by his father Zeus against the Argives
Which Trojan breeched the wall first? What did he use to do it?
Sarpedon first breached the wall using his bare hands
_____ finally broke into the Greeks camp with
Hector, an enormous pointed stone
“THere is an omen, and only that man should fight for his country.”
Hector to Polydamas
“My friends…”
the Ajaxes
Goddess of grain; mother of Persephone
Demeter
Why had Meriones left the frontline of battle and How did Idomeneus help him
Meriones had broken his spear in the shield of Deiphobus. Idomeneus gave him ne of the twenty spears that he had taken from Trojans he had killed
Who did Deiphobus fetch when challenged by Idomeneus? Why?
Deiphobus found Aeneas because the Greeks had killed his brother in law, Alcathous
What decision did Euchenor make before coming to war
Euchenor could stay at home, pay a fine and die of a terrible disease, or fight and die in the war
What advice did Polydamas give to Hector
Polydamas told Hector to draw back and consult the chieftains of the Trojans before attacking or retreating
What was Hector’s response
Hector was pleased with his counsel and immediately ran through the ranks to call the chieftains back
“…There is no persuading you…”
Polydamas to Hector
Titan wife to Cronus, mother of the gods
Rhea
Brother of death and son of night
Sleep
sisters and goddess of beauty and creativity
Graces
Why did Odysseus reprimand Agamemnon
Odysseus was angry that Agamemnon wanted to admit defeat after so many years of hard fighting
What specifically was Agamemnon’s plan?
Odysseus said that the drawing some ships into the water would cause all Greeks to cease attacking in order to look toward the ships Then the Greeks would be destroyed by the Trojans
What was Hera’s plan to keep Zeus out of the fight?
Hera decided to get dressed up and woo Zeus
After putting Zeus to sleep, to whom did Sleep take the news? WHY?
Sleep told Poseidon that Zeus was asleep so that Poseidon could openly help the greeks
Which warrior disabled Hector with a rock
Ajax
One of the rivers of Hades by which gods swore their most serious oaths
Styx
What did Hera disclose to stir up trouble when she rejoined the other gods on Olympus
Hera told the gods that they could each expect ills from zeus adding that Ares had lost his greek son Asclepias in battle
Explain the miraculous recovery of hector
Zeus had revived Hector and Apollo infused a great streangth into him, agreein to fight by his side
Explain how Apollo helped the Trojans solve the Problem of the wide trench
Apollo kicked down the banks of the trench into the middle to make a bridge, and then kicked down the wall of greeks
What specific event was Zeus awaiting before he would allow greeks any glory
Zeus waited till he should see the glare of a burning ship
How was Ajax able to defend the Greek ships from the decks of the ships?
Ajax jumped from one ship deck to another witha sea pike in hand
“Zeus is now…”
Hector to the Trojan Army
father of patrolocus
Menoetius
Wise centaur who lived on Mt. Pelion and tutored achilles
Chiron
Son of Panthous brother of Polydamas and Hyperenor
Euphorbus
After Agreeeing to allow Patroclus to lead the myrmidons in his armor, achilles warned him not to persue the Trojans to Troy. Give two reasons for these instructions
Achilles did not want Patroclus to rob him of his glory, he also feared that one of the gods might attack Patroclus
Summarize the two requests that Achilles made of Zeus in his prayer as Patroclus went into battle
Achillles requested that Zeus grang Patroclus to chase the fight from the ships and then to grant him a safe return
As the Myrmidons began to turn the tide of battke at the ships, what did Hector do
He left the Trojans and fled in his chariot
Before the death of this hero, Zeus considered catching him up and transporting him Lycia alive. _______ convinced him that it would be a bad idea. Why was zeus unable to do this?
Hera, Sarpedon was fated to die in this way. If zeus spared Sarpedon his son many other gods would want to deliver their sons as well
Describe the triple attack on Patroclus that resulted in his death
Apollo drove Patroclus back from the wall and then struck him with the flat of his hand. euphorbus struck him in the back with his spear. hector then stuck a spear in his belly
You Know no pity”
Patroclus to Achilles
I say further and lay my saying to your heart…”
Dying words of Patroclus
Cheif of the Cicones; Trojan allies from Thrace
Mentes
______ was the first Greek to Protect the body of Patroclus
Menelaus
What actions did Hector take after being chided by Glaucus
Urging Glaucus to fight with him for Patroclus, Hector left the battle in order to put on the armor of achilles
What were the immortal horses of Achilles doing as the battle for Patroclus raged
The horses of Achilles, Xanthus and Balius were weeping
can horses cry?
Why didn’t Achilles come immediately to the aid of Patroclus
Achilles did not have any armor to wear for fighting; Hector was wearing his armor
Name the two Achaean warriors that carried the body of Patroclus off the battlefield
Carriers: Menelaus and Meriones
Name the two Achaean defenders
Achean Defenders: Ajax son of Telamon, Ajax son of Oileus
Name the two Trojan assailants
Trojan Assailants: Aeneas and Hector were the foremost Trojan assailants
“Alas! Poor wretch..”
Zeus muttering about Hector
Great inventor of Crete who built the Labyrinth
Daedalus
Daughter of King Minos of Cnossus, Crete
Ariadne
Describe the grief of Achilles when he learned of the death of Patroclus
Achilles poured dust over his head, flung himself to the ground and tore his hair
How and when would Achilles recieve replacement armor?
Thetis said she would bring replacement armor from Hephaestus the next morning at dawn
According to Iris, what were Hector’s plans for the body of Patroclus?
Hector planned to cut off the head of Patroclus, stake it on the walls of Troy and feed his body to the dogs
Reading carefully, why did Hector want to keep the fight at the ships
Hector wanted an opportunity to slay Achilles and thus win glory for Himself
What decorated the outermost rim of the shield
The river Oceanus was on the outer rim
“at daybreak we will arm…”
Hector to the Trojans
Son of Achilles who is Scyros; will join the war after his father’s death
Neoptolemus
The sun god; a titan
Hyperion
What three things Odysseus advise the Greeks and Agamemnon to do
Odysseus advised the Greeks to go and eat to give the strength for the battle
_______ agreed with the advice of Odysseus ____ disagreed. WHY
Agamemnon, Achilles, Achilles wanted to avenge the dead on the plain and especially Patroclus, before eating
Briseis claimed that she would never cease to grieve for Patroclus
Patroclus once said he would make Achilles marry Briseis back in Phtthia because Achilles had killed her family
The other women wept with Briseis. Why were they really weeping?
The other women were weeping for their own personal sorrows
The death of Patroclus was worse, according to Achilles then the deaths of whom
Patroclus’ death was worse for Achilles than the death of his son, Neoptolemus, or even his father, Peleus
“…in battle, you are better than I..”
Odysseus to Achilles
Why did Zeus release the gods to intervene in the war as they pleased
Zeus feared that the Trojans were no match for Achilles without divine aid, and Achilles might override fate and take Troy
Which gods took the side of the Greeks? WHich of the Trojans
Greeks: Hera, Athene, Poseidon, Hermes, and Hephaestus (HAPHH)
Trojans: Ares, Apollo Artemis, Leto Xanthus, and Aphrodite (AAALXA)
_____ convinced Aeneas to fight with Achilles. What argument did he use to convince Aeneas
Apollo, Apollo reminded Aeneas that his mother was Aphrodite daughter of Zeus, and Achilles was the only son of Thetis
WHat was the destiny of Aeneas that caused Poseidon to save him from Achilles
Aeneas was destined to carry on the race of Dardanus, the Trojans, because of the love Zeus had for Dardanus and his hate for Priam’s family so Poseidon carried him to the edge of the battle
The death of ______ spurred Hector to challenge Achilles. Why was his death so significant to Hector
Polydorus, Polydorus was the youngest son of Priam. Hector’s youngest brother was Priam’s favorite son and the fastest runner.
And now let there be no more…”
Aeneas to Achilles
The battle among the gods; Greek title for the events of book 2
Theomachy
SOn of Priam whom Achilles had captured and sold into slavery on Lemnos
Lycaon
The epithet of Hermes for slaying Hera’s giant, Arus who guarded IO
Slayer of Argus
What did Achilles draw out of the river once he became weary of killing
Achilles drew out twelve youths to sacrifice in revenge for Patroclus
Identify four arguments that Lycaon made to Achilles for sparing his life
Lycaon said that he was a suppliant to Achilles. Achilles had received 100 oxen when he sold Lycaon into slavery. Achilles had just killed Lycaon’s full brother, Polydorus. Lycaon and Hector had different mothers
What was the specific cause of the anger of the River Xanthus
Xanthus was angered because Achilles had filled his waters with corpses
How did Hera defeat the river god
Hera sent Hephaestus to kindle a fierce fire that dried up the plain and scaled up the river Xanthus
In the battle of the Gods, which of the Gods were first to clash in combat and who won
Ares attacked Athene, but Athene sprawled him out with a stone
Whom did Athene attack next, and at the urging of Hera? What happened to this goddess
Athene attacked Aphrodite, struck her, and left her fainting on the ground
Describe Hera’s treatment of Artemis
Hera called Artemis a vixen, she caught her hands in one and her bow in the other. She beat Artemis about the ears with her bow
