ILLIAD 1-10 Flashcards
Chryses
Priest of Apollo who asked Agamemnon to give his daughter back
Chryseis
Daughter of Chryses
Briseis
Achilles prize: daughter of Briseis
Nestor
Venerable leader of the Pylians; the oldest and wisest Greek Chieftain
Calchas asked______ of Achilles before he spoke. What did he say
Protection, Apollo would stop when Agamemnon gave his daughter and made as a sacrifice of 100 bulls
Make Agamemnon’s case in this quarrell
Agamemnon was very angry at Calcas for the sacrifice of his daughter and is angry that he is accused of angering Apollo
Make Achilles case in this quarrel
He offered that there was a greater [rozein store for Agamemnon that his greed was clouding his judgment
Why does Nestor command respect? What was his advice
He was one of the oldest wisest people, and advised them to not take calchas’s daughter
How did Achilles bring his mother up from the deepest depths of the sea? What did he ask her to do?
He prayed to her and to Zeus for help, he asked that she might ask for the aid of zeus
Describe Hera’s personality
Pushy, often suspicious and untrustworthy
“Sing o goddess, the anger of Achilles, son of Peleus, that brought countless ills upon the Achaeans…”
Homer’s appeal to the Muse
Eurybates
Ithacan and Faithful servant of Odysseus; a herald of the Greeks
Thersites
Ugliest of the Greeks; an endless talker
Scamander
The chief river god who flows through the plain below troy
Iris
Messenger of the gods
Of what did zeus inform Agamemnon in the “Lying Dream”? Why did Zeus send him this dream
Zeus informed him that he would in fact take trot abnd that there are no longer divided councils among the gods
What unusual plan did Agamemnon devise to test the Greeks
Agamemnon told the Greeks that they were going to go home, to test their loyalty
_______ prevented the Greeks from leaving by sending _____
Athena, Odysseus
Next to Achilles, who was the Greatest footsoldier of the Greeks
Ajax Telamon
“Odysseus has done many a good thing ere now in fight and council….”
the Greeks about Thersites
Antenor
Elderly counselor to Priam and the Trojans; a whirring cicada
Scaean gates
Twin brothers of Helen; castor trained pollux was a boxxer
Which Trojan jumped in front to challenge any Greek to a duel? Who immediately accepted his challenge
Paris jumped and Menalouses excepted
What were the terms of the duel
Whoever won would receive Helen and all of her riches
Who did Helen want to win this duel? Find a quote to support this
Helen wants Menelaus to win because she misses her family
Describe the duel: Explain how it ended
Menelaus almost almost killed Paris but Paris’ helmet broke because of Aphrodite who brings him up to Olympus to be healed
What was Helen’s response to Aphrodites demand that she join Paris back in their bed chamber. DId she go?
Helen got very mad and refused to go because she felt she was being treated like a slave
‘Young men’s minds are light as air, but when an old man comes he looks before and after..”
Menelaus to both armies
Pandarus
Son of Lycaon: famous Trojan archer
Machaon
Physician of the Greeks from Thessaly; son of Asclepius a famous healer
Antilochus
Son of Nestor; leading fighter of the men of Pylos; friend of Achilles
What outcome did zeus prefer
That Menelaus take back Helen and the city of Priam to survive
Why did zeus have an unwilling heart when he agreed to allow Hera to do as she pleased with the Trojans
Zeus was reluctant because Troy was his favorite city and really like Illium because of the offerings they gave him
Athene seeks out _____ to accomplish her mission to break the truce by inciting him to shoot an arrow at ___
Panduras, Menelaus
Agamemnon sent for ____ to attend the wound
Machaon
What was Nestor’s military strategy
He placed knights with chariots in front rank, while foot soldiers were in the rear. He said to the knights to hold your horse in hard as to avoid confusing the soldiers, With cowards in the middle
Anchises
Father of Aeneas by Aphrodite
What characteristic battle formation was used by both Greeks and Trojans
The Phalanx
______ was dazed when her wrist was injured by Diomed. Her mother, _____ told her that several other gods had suffered
Aphrodite, Diome
Which gods were they that were injured
Ares, Aphrodite, Hades
Who did Diomed attack next
Apollo
How did Athene change her instructions to Diomed
She told him to smite Ares in combat. Ares threw a spear at Diomed, Athene blocks it while Diomed plunged his spear into Ares
Xanthus
Another name for the river scamander
Helenus
SOn of Priam; auger of the Trojans
Glaucus
Grandson of Bellerophon; cousin and squire of Sarpedon
Astyanax
Nickname for Hector’s son, Schamandruis means “King of the city”
Who did Helenus hold up as the mightiest Greek
Diomed was the mightiest because he filled men’s souls with more panic than Achilles did
Describe what happened in the “battle” between Diomede and Glaucus
Diomed and Glaucus learned of their grandfathers’ friendship and refused to fight instead they exchanged armor and Diomed upgraded from bronze to gold ^1 up
What did the Women of troy offer to Athene What were their conditions
The women of Troy offered an embroidered robe to Athene. They also offered to sacrifice twelve heifers if Athene would have pity on Troy
Hector did not fear death nor did he grieve for himself. For what did Hector fear and grieve
Hector grieved only for Andromache because he knew one of the Greeks would carry her aways as a slave
What did Androche do when Hector left her for battle
Andromache went home and mourned Hector as if he were already dead
“why ask me of my lineage….” .
Glaucus to Diomed
“If even I get Home…”
Pandurus to Aeneas
Peleus
King of the Myrmidons: father of Achilles
Telamon
Brother of Peleus: father of Ajax the great: from Salamis
Dardanus
Son of Zeus and Electra: ancestor of Dardanians and the Trojans
Who fought Hector in man to man combat? How was this man selected
Ajax and was selected when his lot fell out of Agamemnon’s hemet
Who Was the winner of the fight and why did it stop?
The duel was declared a draw by the heralds of the Trojans and the Greeks because night was falling
After solo combat, what did the Greeks do back in their camp
They feasted and buried their dead on funeral pyres
What did the Trojans do
At a council Antenor demanded that Paris return Helen, but Paris only agreed to return her wealth. Priam decided to send Idaeus to offer Helen’s wealth and request that fighting cease while they burned the dead
Why was Poseidon angry with the Greeks for building a great wall around their ships
The Greeks built the wall without sacrificing to the gods and honoring them, and the fame of the Greeks’ wall would exceed that of the wall around Troy which Poseidon and Apollo had built
Tartarus
Lowest abyss under the earth, a place of punishment/torment
What were Zeus’ instructions to the gods at the start of book 8
To not interfere with the war
Who did Hector call a girl and coward
Hector called Diomed a coward, Diomed` was actually the only Greek to defend Nestor and fled only because Zeus threw thunderbolts against him
Who was Teucer? What was his strength in battle
Teucer was was son of Telamon, half brother to Ajax, and nephew of Priam and was a skilled archer
Homer foreshadowed the reintroduction of Achilles. What would cause Achilles to return
Hector would rouse Achilles to fight over the body of Patroclus his squire
Where did the Trojans sleep after a long day of victorious fighting
The Trojans camped in an open space near the river that was clear of dead bodies
“Would that I were….”
Hector to the Trojan army
Phoenix
Surrogate father of Achilles: cursed to have no children
Aeacus
Achilles grandfather: his father Zeus made men of ants for him
_____ was the first to tell Agamemnon that he was wrong for taking Briseis from Achilles. What was Agamemnon’s response
Nestor, Agamemnon admitted his folly and agreed to make amends with gifts of atonement
What was Achilles doing when the embassy arrived
Playing the Lyre and singing of feats of heros
Achilles pointed out the paradox of Agamemnon’s actions when he talked about losing Briseis. What was the Paradox
Agamemnon undertook the Trojan War to deliver Helen the wife of Menelaus. Now Agamemnon has taken Briseis from Achilles even though Achilles loved her with his whole heart
WHy was Phoenix part of Agamemnon’s embassy to Achilles?
Phoenix had raised Achilles like his own son and the Greeks thought he might influenced him
When would Achilles return to the fight? Achilles would fight when Hector burned his ships
Achilles would fight when Hector burned his ships
“If I stay here and fight…”
Achilles to the embassy
“It was I… Who had the making….”
Phoenix to Achilles
Dolon
SOn of Eumedes scout of the Trojans
Rhesus
King of the Thracians
________ was the first Greek to volunteer for the spy mission and ______ was chosen as his companion
Diomed, Odysseus
______ Volunteered to spy on the Greeks. What compensation did he request c
Dolan, that Hector hold his scepter high and swer to give his horses and chariot
What happened when the Trojan spy was captured by the Greeks
Dolon begged for his life and informed the Greeks of Thracian Allies on the edge of Trojan camp, and was told he would be spared by odysseus and was killed by _______,
Who killed the Trojan spy and why
Diomed because he would be less trouble dead than alive
What did Diomed and Odysseus do upon returning to the Greek Camp
They tied their horses and took their spoils, bathed in the ocean and made offerings to the gods
“….if we ransom you or let you go….”
Diomed to Dolon
