Ijzendoorn study + EVAL Flashcards
what was the aim of Ijzendoorn study?
to investigate the proportion of secure, insecure-avoidant and insecure-resistant infants
what was Ijzendoorn’s procedure?
he conducted a meta-analysis of 32 studies from 8 different countries using the SS.
what were his findings?
WIDE variation between proportions of attachment types.
SECURE attachment was the MOST common in ALL countries.
-75% in britain
-50% in china
Insecure-RESISTANT was the LEAST common
-3% in
-30% in Israel.
Insecure-AVOIDANT was the MOST in germany and the LEAST in Japan.
what was an interesting finding from his meta-analysis?
variations between results in the SAME country were 150% greater than those in a different country.
what was the conclusion of his research?
that SECURE attachment was the NORM attachment type but attachment types can vary depending on CULTURAL variations.
one problem with cultural variations in attachment is that the SS may not be able to be APPLIED in DIFFERENT cultures.
E.g lack of separation anxiety indicates insecure avoidance in the SS in America but in Germany it may be seen as indepence and not avoidance.
Therefore,
taking a measure from ONE culture and applying it to another is called an IMPOSED ETIC.
This is therefore a PROBLEM because the cultural variations shown by the research may not REFLECT the cultural variations but instead be reflecting that the SS may not be able to REPRESENT attachment styles in other CULTURES as it is an EMIC from America where it was derived.
emic-imposed etic= beta bias.
one problem is that the research is studied in COUNTRIES rather than CULTURES. May be other factors not controlled such as poverty or social class.
This suggests the study is NOT useful for studying cultural variations in attachment as it only looks at variations between countries and DOESN’T MATCH THEM.
More research should be carried out in TRUE cultures rather than countries to enable TRUE conclusions on c.V in attachment, and then be matched for things like SOCIO-ECONOMIC status.
one strength of cross-cultural research is that it has been carried out by INDIGENOUS researchers.
This RAISES the internal validity, as it REDUCES impact of extran. variables such as researchers MISUNDERSTANDING the language, or ppts misunderstanding the instructions.
Therefore, we can be SURE we are measuring c.v and the results can be TRUSTED.
One criticism is that it used the SS which has been questioned because it suggests that it might NOT be measuring attachment, as attachment type may be more related to a childs TEMPERAMENT
This is a problem because it questions whether the SS is ACTUALLY measuring c.v. in attachment. Lowering the IV and USEFULNESS of the study as a whole.
