IFR Practice Exams Set 1 Flashcards

1
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

While tracking west bound on the V300 between YYG and YQM, you wish to check your position. After tuning in SUMMERSIDE in the ADF, you note an indication of 064° on the ADF indicator. From this you determine (aircraft magnetic heading 276°) you are at the halfway point.

A

False

You have not passed the halfway point of this leg.

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2
Q

Where minimum IFR altitudes have been established for designated airways, and air routes, such minimum altitudes shall be applied when flying in accordance with IFR, except that when large variations of temperature or pressure exist aircraft shall be operated at an altitude that is no lower than ____ above the minimum en route IFR altitude.

A

1000’

As minimum enroute IFR altitudes have been established for designated airways and air routes, such minimum altitudes shall be applied when flying in accordance with IFR along airways or air routes within designated mountainous regions, except that aircraft should be operated at an altitude which is at least 1000 feet higher than the minimum enroute IFR altitude, when there are large variations in temperature and (or) pressure.

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3
Q

While conducting the NDB RWY 24 approach to land at Halifax, you reach the MDA on the inbound track. It is raining, as a result there is rain on the windscreen. What illusion might the pilot experience after the required visual reference is observed?

A

The pilot will think they are too high, thus flying a lower approach.

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4
Q

During descent into Gander, in IMC, you approach 10000’ASL and note your indicated airspeed is 300 knots. You decide to level off at 10000’ to allow the aircraft to slow to 250 knots and then continue the descent. After levelling off, the pilot will likely feel the aircraft is

A

descending

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5
Q

What time was this GFA issued?

A

1741z, valid for 12 hours, with an extended IFR outlook covering 12 more hours.

Here the GFA is issued at 1741z and valid at 1800z. This GFA will have +6 hour forecast (Valid at 0000) and a +12-hour forecast (Valid at 0600). The +12 hour forecast will have an IFR outlook.

Conclusion: A GFA is always issued for a 12 hour forecast and extended 12 hour IFR outlook.

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6
Q

Presuming a departure time of 18Z, while en route from CYHZ to CYYT what sort of weather can you expect?

A

During the departure expect 3-6SM in light rain showers and mist with a possibility of encountering 2sm visibility in light rain showers and mist in ceilings 800’AGL.

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7
Q

What would be, disregarding the time for climb and descent, the total fuel required?

REFERENCE: LO8 Chart

Alternate: CYQX
Route V315
Cruise altitude 6 000 feet
FD 3025-1
Altimeter setting 28.52 in Hg

PA-31-310 True Airspeed

PA-31-310 Fuel Flow - Total for both engines

Adding 30 lb total to account for both taxi and takeoff, 50 lb for every approach, and 50 lb for every missed approach.

A

594 lbs

**Alternate Calculation
Indicated Altitude 6 000 feet | Altimeter Setting 28.52 | Temperature -1°C
Pressure Alt Calculation 29.92 - 28.52 = 1.4 x 1 000 = 1 400 + 6 000 = 7 400 feet
PA 7 400 (altimeter setting 28.52) and Temp -1°C = DA 7 221 feet

From Q1 we have
PA-31-310 (hp)
BHP 200
RPM 2300 (best power)
Density Alt & True airspeed chart, TAS 200 MPH 174 KT (200 / 1.15= )
Fuel Flow vs Percent Rated Power
True Airspeed vs Density Altitude

Course is 342°M
Wind 322°M 25 KT (with 22°W variation)
Distance 109 NM
GS 150 KT (WCA -3)
ETE 0+44

**TOTAL TIMES AND TOTAL FUEL
**From question 1 RPM 2300
Fuel Flow at 65% bhp (to get percent rated power divide 200 by 310 as 310 bhp is the max power and the power we are using is 200 bhp)
Fuel Flow chart 102 lb/hr
Fuel burn to alternate 102 lb for 0+44 = 74.8 lb
From question 1 total time 2+34
Fuel burn cruise legs at 102 lb/hr for 2+34 = 261.8 lb
Total fuel required 261.8 (cruise) + 74.8 (alternate) + 30 (taxi) + 150 (2 approaches and 1 missed) + 77 (reserve) = 593.6 lb round off 594 lb

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8
Q

30 NM east of Bluenose, ATC clears you for ILS runway 23, you can descend to

A

2800’

Once cleared for the approach, further clearance to descend is not required unless there was an altitude restriction in the clearance.

Although you do not need a clearance from ATC to start the descent to 2800’ (Safe Altitude 100 NM), you must notify ATC once you do so.

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9
Q

While en route on the V315 to CYQX (Gander), you wish to check your position relative to the UYT TACAN. After tuning in the TACAN, what would be the indication on the CDI?

A

This TACAN is unusable for azumith by civilian aircraft without special equipment.

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10
Q

En route, westbound on the V311 from Gander to Stephenville, you wish to check your position at the IKBUN intersection relative to the Deer Lake VOR. If your aircraft magnetic heading is 300, what will be the CDI indication just before crossing the intersection, assuming the OBS is set to 140?

A

Needle right, FROM indication.

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11
Q

What is responsible for causing the snow showers experienced while departing from Halifax (CYHZ)?

A

A trough

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12
Q

Given the following metar for Halifax, which altitude represents the corrected DA for the ILS 24 approach?

METAR CYHZ 191900Z 33022G28KT 20SM BKN030 M25/M29 A3005 RMK SC6
SLP179=

A

690’ ASL

The DA from the approach plate is 650 ASL and DH is 200’ AGL.

From METAR we have the temperature minus 25 C.

Using the above temperature and 200 AGL from the cold weather correction chart we have

Temperature cold weather correction
- 20 degree 30
- 30 degrees 40

After interpolation for - 25 degrees we have 35. Adding altitude correction to DA in ASL we get 650 + 35 = 685 ASL.
Rounding it to the nearest 10’ we get 690’ ASL

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13
Q

While en route on the V312 between YQY and YHZ, you wish to check your position. Over COPAR if the #1 RMI is tuned to 5Y (Trenton) NDB, the RMI indicator will point at

A

320°M

TRENTON

The head of the needle on the RMI displays Bearing to the Station (BTS)

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14
Q

While waiting for the take-off clearance for runway 06, the tower relays the following aviation routine weather report. Can you legally depart CYHZ?

RVR Runway 06 is 2000, variable 1600 - 2800, tower visibility 1/4 mile.

A

No, due to the low visibility occurring at this time.

When RVR is fluctuating above and below 1/2 mile, a takeoff is not authorized if ground visibility is less than 1/2

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15
Q

2 is the equivalent SPEC VIS of

A

Category C, D

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16
Q

After touch-down on RWY29 in CYQM (Moncton), the altimeter indicates 165’. Will the aircraft be dispatched?

A

No. The aircraft altimeter is outside of the prescribed tolerance of +/- 50’, therefore, the aircraft must not be dispatched until the tolerance is acceptable.

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17
Q

During deceleration an attitude indicator will indicate

A

a descent

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18
Q

An on slope approach to a runway served by a PAPI would be indicated by

A

Two red lights, two white lights

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19
Q

Surface winds at the destination are expected to be:

A

NW at 20 Knots.

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20
Q

What would be the MDA appropriate for the Circling NDB 13 approach into Gander (130 KIAS)?

A

1000’, 2

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21
Q

A slightly low approach to a runway served by a PAPI would be indicated by

A

Three red lights, one white light

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22
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

A minimum fuel advisory is an advisory to ATC that should any undue delay occur an emergency is possible.

A

TRUE

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23
Q

At 0000z, just before arrival into Halifax, the pilot can expect the weather approaching Halifax to be

A

Low vis in rain with ceilings 700’ AGL.

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24
Q

Given the following Metar for Halifax, for a general aviation arrival and approach ban, will the approach be authorized?

METAR CYHZ 242300Z 17011KT 1/8SM OVC001 03/00 A3018 RMK CI6 SLP226=

RVR U/S

A

The approach is authorized because the RVR is not available.

CAR 602.129 specifies that instrument approaches by general aviation aircraft are governed by RVR values only. With certain exceptions, pilots of aircraft are prohibited from completing an instrument approach past the FAF (or where there is no FAF, the point where the final approach course is intercepted) to a runway served by an RVR, if the RVR values as measured for that runway are below the following minima:

The following exceptions to the above prohibitions apply to all aircraft when:
(a) the below-minima RVR report is received, the aircraft is inbound on approach and has passed the FAF, or where there is no FAF, the point where the final approach course is intercepted;
(b) the pilot-in-command has informed the appropriate ATC unit that the aircraft is on a training flight and that the pilot-in-command intends to initiate a missed approach procedure at or above the DH or the MDA, as appropriate;
(c) the RVR is varying between distances less than and greater than the minimum RVR;
(d) the RVR is less than the minimum RVR, and the ground visibility at the aerodrome where the runway is located is reported to be at least one-quarter statute mile; or
(e) the pilot-in-command is conducting a precision approach to CAT III minima.

An approach is authorized whenever:
(a) the lowest reported RVR for the runway is at or above minima (CAR 602.129), regardless of reported ground visibility;
(b) the RVR is reported to be varying between distances less than and greater than the minimum RVR;
(c) the RVR is below the minimum, and the ground visibility is reported to be at least one-quarter statute mile;
(d) the RVR for the runway is unavailable or not reported; or
(e) ATS is informed that an aircraft is on a training flight and will conduct a planned missed approach.

Ground visibility can also impose an approach ban for a commercial operator, this question assumes private however.

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25
Q

Abeam MARYSTOWN NDB, on the V312, what would the tail of the RMI indicate if it was tuned to 234 kHz?

A

190°

The Head of the RMI shows bearing to the station (BTS) and the tail shows bearing from the station (BFS).

MARYSTOWN V312

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26
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Approximately 30 min. from St. John’s, the ATIS information is indicating that runway 11 is active for landings, the wind is 020°M at 20 knots, snow clearing operations are in effect for runway’s 34-16, 02-20 and the CRFI is 0.4. Your personal cross-wind limitation is 25 knots. A landing will likely be successful under these conditions.

A

FALSE

A diversion to the alternate would be prudent.

Crosswind Limits for CRFI

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27
Q

While approaching St. John’s on the V312, you receive the following clearance from ATC:

hold west, inbound on the 282° radial to the YYT VOR/DME, expect the ILS RWY 11 at 2020z. The time is now 2000z. You realize you have experienced complete two way radio communication failure. What do you do?

Note: Filed ETA 2010z

A

Squawk 7600, proceed direct to YYT, hold inbound on the 282° radial until 2020z, complete the full procedure ILS RWY 11 approach.

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28
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

While on approach to land on runway 15 at Halifax International Airport in VMC, the pilot may think that he is closer to the runway then he actually is.

A

FALSE

He may think that he is too high, and thus fly a lower approach than normal.

The aerodrome chart shows that there is an upslope when landing on runway 15.

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29
Q

While conducting an IFR flight, off airways, in a region of British Columbia where minimum altitudes have not been established for aircraft operations the pilot shall ensure that the aircraft is operated ____ above the highest obstacle within ____ of the aircraft position.

A

2000’; 5NM

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30
Q

Approaching Halifax from the east on the V312, ATC clears you for the NDB RWY 23 CYHZ approach. What would be the timing to the MAP from the FAF assuming a ground speed of 120 mph?

A

3 mins, 17 sec

Convert 120 mph to knots = 104 knots

Use the LEG TIME feature of a flight computer.

Distance from FAF - MAP of 5.7 NM

Ground speed = 104 knots

Leg Time = 3:17

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31
Q

How would the following FD forecast be decoded?

         9000'

         9900 - 6
A

Wind light and variable, temperature -6°C.

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32
Q

While en route on the V312 between YQY and YHZ you wish to check your position. Over COPAR if the #1 ADF is tuned to 5Y (Trenton) NDB, the ADF indicator will point at ____° if the aircraft heading is 262°.

A

058°

TRENTON
ADF

By looking at the LO chart, you can tell where the Magnetic North is by looking at the VOR because on LO charts the compass rose around the radio navigation aids is oriented to Magnetic North.

ADF pointer shows relative bearing.

MH + RB = BTS

Now let’s look at the available answers.

A. RB 320 would be 40 to the left from our heading…

B. MH 285 + RB 058 = BTS 343 - too far north…

C. MH 262 + RB 058 = BTS 320 - by visually looking at the LO Chart, it is the correct answer since 320 is roughly halfway between the North and the West.

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33
Q

What is the minimum required ceiling and visibility to include CYQM as an alternate aerodrome on your IFR fight plan, assuming an ETA of 0300z (max acceptable crosswind 15 knots and tailwind 10 knots)?

TAF CYQM 251743Z 2518/2606 19020G35KT P6SM OVC012 TEMPO 1806 3SM -RA BR BKN006 OVC012
RMK NXT FCST BY 00Z=

NOTAM: RWY 29-11 unavailable till 0600 due to snow removal. Glide Path ILS RWY 06 U/S.

CYQM has the following approaches:

VOR RWY 24
ILS RWY 06
NDB RWY 06
ILS RWY 29
NDB RWY 29
RNAV (GNSS) Z RWY 06
RNAV (GNSS) Z RWY 11
RNAV (GNSS) Z RWY 29
RNAV (GNSS) Z RWY 24

A

800’, 2 1/4sm

The main thing is to find out the acceptable runway in terms of the crosswind/tailwind limits to see what approaches are usable.

The wind in the METAR is always given as True, not magnetic. The runway direction is magnetic. For the crosswind calculations you need to have to have both values either true or magnetic. However, only the steady-state wind is usually taken into account, not the wind gusts (TC AIM MET 1.1.5.) When the wind gusts are reported in the weather reports, not necesarily they are consistent enough to prevent your landing. If the gusts are outside the crosswind/tailwind limits, you should take extra fuel for the missed approaches, though. This is up to your judgment; it is not regulated.

Then, you need to check if these approaches are precision or non-precision.

VOR/DME 24 and RNAV (GNSS) Z RWY 24 are both usable for RWY 24 and have the same minima.
If the RNAV approach had better minima, to determine if it is usable we might have had to check the distance between the destination and the alternate and also what approach we are planning at the destination.

So our alternate minima are 800 - 2 1/4 SM.

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34
Q

Your aircraft has been delayed in excess of 60 minutes from your proposed departure time and you have failed to notify ATC when filed from an uncontrolled aerodrome. What will happen?

A

The search and rescue process becomes activated.

Failure to update proposed departure time within 60 mins will initiate SAR action.

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35
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The true horizon may be displaced as much as 10° lower than the apparent horizon.

A

FALSE

The true horizon may be displaced up to 5 degrees lower than the apparent horizon

36
Q

What would be the indication on the CDI after passing the MALPE intersection heading south west bound on the V311, assuming you have tuned the second VOR to YYG?

A

Needle right, FROM indication if the OBS was 357°.

37
Q

An aircraft that approaches at 135 knots indicated airspeed falls into what category?

A

C

38
Q

What is the total distance from the Halifax VOR/DME to the Torbay VOR/DME?

REFERENCE: LO8 Chart

Route: V312
Cruise Altitude YHZ-YQY 9 000 feet ASL | YQY-YYT 17 000 feet ASL
FD 9 000 1440+00 | 17 000 8305-6
Altimeter Setting CYHZ 28.94 in Hg | CYQY 28.88 in Hg | CYYT 28.53 in Hg

Aircraft Data:
PA-31 310 (hp)
BHP 200 at 2300 RPM (best power)
PA-31-310 True Airspeed vs. Density Altitude Chart
PA-31-310 Fuel Flow vs. Percent Rated Power Chart (total)

A

466 NM

39
Q

Given the metar,

METAR CYHZ 252000Z 20025G34KT 1/2SM R15/3000FT/U R24/4000FT/D -RA FG
VV002 14/14 A2951 RERA RMK FG8 SLP996=

what is the RVR and trend for runway 15 and runway 24?

A

The RVR for runway 15 is 3000’ with an upward trend, and the RVR for runway 24 is 4000’, with a downward trend.

40
Q

Which of the following aerodromes could be used as an alternate (assuming an alternate minima of 600-2 applies for each and an ETA of 22z)? Assume 1 precision approach is available at each aerodrome with the lowest DH 300 AGL and 1 SM advisory visibility for the approach.

TAF CYDF 191939Z 1920/2008 19005KT P6SM OVC025 TEMPO 2022 OVC015
FM2200Z 19005KT P6SM OVC015 TEMPO 2224 3SM -SHRASN BR OVC008
FM0000Z 28005KT P6SM OVC012 TEMPO 0002 2SM -SHSN OVC008
RMK NXT FCST BY 02Z=

TAF CYQX 191739Z 1918/2018 31010KT 1SM -DZ BR BKN003 OVC010 TEMPO 1806
6SM -RA BR SCT003 OVC010
FM0600Z 29005KT 2SM -SHRA BR OVC004
RMK NXT FCST BY 00Z=

TAF CYYT 191739Z 1918/2018 31012KT 1SM -DZ BR BKN004 OVC012 TEMPO 1806
3SM -RA BR SCT004 OVC005
FM0600Z 28010KT 6SM -SHRA BR SCT008 OVC012 TEMPO 0618 2SM -SHRA
BR OVC008
RMK NXT FCST BY 00Z=

TAF CYSJ 191741Z 1918/2006 31010G20KT P6SM BKN010 TEMPO 1819 BKN015
PROB30 2023 BKN005 -SHRA FM2300Z 31010KT P6SM SCT015
RMK NXT FCST BY 00Z=

A

CYDF, CYSJ

TAF CYDF 191939Z 1920/2008 19005KT P6SM OVC025 TEMPO 2022 OVC015
FM2200Z 19005KT P6SM OVC015 TEMPO 2224 3SM -SHRASN BR OVC008
FM0000Z 28005KT P6SM OVC012 TEMPO 0002 2SM -SHSN OVC008
RMK NXT FCST BY 02Z=

Lowest ceiling and vis: 800 - 3 in a TEMPO group. This meets the requirement for 600 - 2.

TAF CYQX 191739Z 1918/2018 31010KT 1SM -DZ BR BKN003 OVC010 TEMPO 1806
6SM -RA BR SCT003 OVC010
FM0600Z 29005KT 2SM -SHRA BR OVC004
RMK NXT FCST BY 00Z=

The forecast is 1SM & Broken 300’, and TEMPO is 6SM & OVC 1000; we cannot use this as an alternate.

TAF CYYT 191739Z 1918/2018 31012KT 1SM -DZ BR BKN004 OVC012 TEMPO 1806
3SM -RA BR SCT004 OVC005
FM0600Z 28010KT 6SM -SHRA BR SCT008 OVC012 TEMPO 0618 2SM -SHRA
BR OVC008
RMK NXT FCST BY 00Z=

400 - 1 is the lowest forecast minimum and is lower than 600 - 2.

TAF CYSJ 191741Z 1918/2006 31010G20KT P6SM BKN010 TEMPO 1819 BKN015
PROB30 2023 BKN005 -SHRA FM2300Z 31010KT P6SM SCT015
RMK NXT FCST BY 00Z=

1500 - P6 meets the requirement for 600 - 2. The PROB category must meet or exceed the landing minima of 300 - 1, and it does.

41
Q

What is the total distance from QX to YHZ (VOR)?

Route: R13 - V312

Altitude: QX-QY = 10000’ASL / YQY-YHZ = 8000’ASL

Upper Level Winds: 10000’ = 0930-10 / 8000’ = 0825-6 / 4000’ = 0720

Altimeter:

CYQX = 28.90
CYQY = 28.88”
CYHZ = 28.53

Aircraft Data:
PA-31-310 (piston twin)
TAS = 195 mph
FF = 33.6 gph

A

435 NM

QX - QY = 272 NM
QY - YQY = 4 NM
YQY - YHZ = 67 + 92 NM = 159 NM
Total = 435 NM

42
Q

While en route on the V312 between YQY and YHZ, you wish to check your position. Over COPAR if the #2 VOR is tuned to YYG, the CDI should center with a FROM indication on 160°. Is COPAR a non-compulsory reporting point?

A

No. It is based on a VOR and DME installation

43
Q

Given the following, what would be the alternate minima for CYDF (assuming an ETA of 24z)?

One usable precision approach is available.

TAF CYDF 191939Z 1920/2008 19005KT P6SM OVC025 TEMPO 2022 OVC015

FM2200Z 26025KT P6SM OVC015 TEMPO 2224 1SM -SHRASN BR OVC008
FM0100Z 28005KT P6SM OVC012 TEMPO 0102 2SM -SHSN OVC008
RMK NXT FCST BY 02Z=

REFERENCE: ILS RWY 25

A

800-1, usable alternate.

For one precision approach we need 600 - 2. The sliding scale is used to trade an extra ceiling for a lower visibility requirement. 600-2 becomes 800-1.

Standard Alternate Minima

44
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

A visual approach may only be authorized by ATC when the reported ceiling is at least 500’ above the established minimum IFR altitude and the ground visibility is at least 3 SM.

A

TRUE

45
Q

Which of the following represents the MDA corrected for temperature variation assuming a CAT D aircraft is being used?

METAR CZBF 242100Z 18011KT 15SM BKN051 OVC100 M20/M25 A3004 RMK SC6AC2
SLP175

A

1440’ indicated altitude

height(AGL) altitude

From cold weathe correction chart we have

height(AGL) altitude correction

1000 140
1500 210

We need to do the correction for 1087 agl.

We would need to interpolate between 1000 & 1500 to get the corrected value for 1087

Difference 210 - 140 = 70

Interpolation for 1087 = 70 x (87/500) = 12.18 now we need to add 140 to this to get the cold weather correction for 1087 = 140 + 12.18 = 152.18

Adding this corrected value to our MDA in feet ASL we have

1280 + 152.18 = 1432.18

Because this is an MDA we need to round 1432.18’ up to next highest 10’ or 1440’ indicated altitude.

46
Q

While intercepting the ILS localizer during the ILS RWY 03 approach into Gander, on the 12 DME ARC, the localizer indications are considered to be accurate within ____ of the course centerline.

A

10°

IQX is a DME that is collocated with the localizer antenna and the other one is YQX VOR/DME from which both 12 DME arc and MSA are measured. In the middle of the plate, you can also see that IF TIMAL is located at 14 DME from IQX. At 14 DME from the localizer, we get reliable indications within 10 degrees from the centerline.

GANDER

47
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

With respect to airborne weather radar, a large cluster of wet snow will be more efficient at reflecting microwaves than a single dry snowflake.

48
Q

You are preparing for departure from CYYT (St. John’s). The weather information has been relayed to you by the tower controller

SPECI CYYT 192209Z 180025KT 1/2SM -DZ BR OVC007 07/07 A2893 RMK SF7
The aircraft weight is 2948.35 kg.

Can you legally depart on RWY 20 under these conditions, assuming your climb speed will be best rate of climb?

A

A departure is authorized because the aircraft performance under the existing conditions is such that a climb gradient in excess of 270 feet/NM is possible.

  1. Convert 2948.35 kg to pounds by multiplying it by 2.2.
    2948.35 Kg = 6486.37 lbs
  2. Calculate the headwind component given winds are 180° (True) at 25 KT which with the variation of 21°W makes it 201° Magnetic. Using runway 20 there will be practically no crosswind component.
    So the Headwind = 25 knots
  3. Calculate Density Altitude
    Altimeter setting: 28.93 (from METAR)
    Calculate Pressure Altitude 29.92 - 28.93 = 0.99 x 1 000 = 990
    Add this to the elevation of 440 + 990 = 1 430 feet pressure altitude
    PA 1 430 and temp of 7°C = 810 feet density altitude
  4. Calculate the Climb rate with a Ground elevation of 810 feet & Takeoff weight of 6486.37 lbs.
    Comes to around 1 470 feet
  5. Calculate the Rate of climb in feet per NM
    From the chart, we get that the Vy would be close to 110 MPH. Now we need to convert this to knots.
    We get 110 MPH = 96 knots From this we can infer that for we will the plane would cover 96 NM in 1 hour.
    We know that the headwind is 25 knots so the ground speed would be 96 - 25 = 71 knots or we have 71 NM in 60 mins.
    So now we need to calculate the time it will take to cover one NM.
    We get that it would take 0.84 mins to cover 1 NM. From step 4 we have that the plane is climbing at a rate of 1 470 FPM. now we can calculate the altitude that the plane will gain in 0.84 minutes by multiplying 1 470 with 0.84. We get 1 235 per NM which is much more than the required climb gradient of 270 feet per NM.

Multi-engine Climb Performance

49
Q

What is the estimated time enroute from QX NDB to YHZ VOR?

Route: R13 - V312

Altitude: QX-QY = 10000’ASL / YQY-YHZ = 8000’ASL

Upper Level Winds: 10000’ = 0930-10 / 8000’ = 0825-6 / 4000’ = 0720

Altimeter:

CYQX = 28.90
CYQY = 28.88”
CYHZ = 28.53

Aircraft Data:
PA-31-310 (piston twin)
TAS = 195 mph
FF = 33.6 gph

A

2:15

Leg 1 calc:
257 Magnetic with 21 W variation = 236 T (variation west - magnetic best)

Leg 2 calc:
266 Magnetic with 20 W variation = 246 True

Distance Breakdown:

QX - QY NDB (R13) = 272 nm
QY NDB - YQY VOR = approximately 4 nm
YQY VOR - YHZ VOR = 159 nm
272 + 4 + 159 = 435 nm

Total Distance = 435 NM (4 NM between QY NDB and YQY VOR as illustrated on scale at the bottom of map… using the published airway distances otherwise).
Leg 1 time…

TAS = 195mph = 169 knots
GS = 193 knots factoring in the wind
Time = Distance / Speed = (272 + 4) / 193 = 1:26

Leg 2 time…

TAS = 195mph = 169 knots
GS = 193 knots factoring in the wind
Time = Distance / Speed = 159 / 193 = 0:49

Total time = 1:26 + 0:49 = 2:15

50
Q

When transiting from the altimeter setting region to the standard pressure region each flight crew member, who occupies a station equipped with a sensitive pressure altimeter shall, immediately after entering the standard pressure region, set ____ on the altimeter sub-scale.

51
Q

What is the estimated time en route from Halifax VOR (YHZ) to Torbay VOR (YYT)?

REFERENCE: LO8 Chart

Route: V312
Cruise Altitude YHZ-YQY 9 000 feet ASL | YQY-YYT 17 000 feet ASL
FD 9 000 1440+00 | 17 000 8305-6
Altimeter Setting CYHZ 28.94 in Hg | CYQY 28.88 in Hg | CYYT 28.53 in Hg

Aircraft Data:
PA-31 310 (hp)
BHP 200 at 2300 RPM (best power)
PA-31-310 True Airspeed vs. Density Altitude Chart
PA-31-310 Fuel Flow vs. Percent Rated Power Chart (total)

A

2+34

YHZ to YQY
PA 10 010 feet (average altimeter setting 28.91) and Temp 0°C = DA 11 000 feet
Magnetic course/track is 084° (average 082° and 086°)
Winds 160°M 40 KT (with 20°W Variation)
Distance total 159 NM (67 + 92)
TAS 179 KT (206 MPH)
GS 165 KT (WCA +13°)
ETE 0+58

YQY to YYT
PA 18 210 feet (average altimeter setting 28.71) and Temp -6°C = DA 20 000 feet
Magnetic course/track is 096° (average of 098° and 094°)
Winds 351°M 105 KT (with 21°W Variation)
Distance total 307 NM (127 + 180)
TAS 195 KT (225 MPH)
GS 193 KT (WCA -31°)
ETE 1+36
Note: Wind is 351°M and the track is 096°M. The heading and wind are 73° apart, so it is more of a crosswind then headwind, WCA -32°. But the small headwind component slows the aeroplane down, slightly.

Total ETE 2+34

52
Q

While en route on the V312 between YQY and YHZ, you wish to check your position. Over COPAR if the #2 VOR is tuned to YYG, the CDI should center with a FROM indication on what degree?

A

160°

53
Q

Flying south from the north pole at FL260 what is the first controlled airspace you encounter?

A

Northern Control Area from FL230 and above

54
Q

What would be the total fuel required disregarding the time for climb, and descent? Add 30lbs total for both the taxi and take-off. Add 50lbs for each approach and 50lbs for each missed approach. Assume one approach at destination and another at the alternate.

Route: R13 - V312

Altitude: QX-QY = 10000’ASL / YQY-YHZ = 8000’ASL

Upper Level Winds: 10000’ = 0930-10 / 8000’ = 0825-6 / 4000’ = 0720

Altimeter:

CYQX = 28.90
CYQY = 28.88”
CYHZ = 28.53

Aircraft Data:
PA-31-310 (piston twin)
TAS = 195 mph
FF = 33.6 gph

A

887 lbs

Time to alternate:
Winds 0720 (from Q5)
348 M = 329 T (19 W Variation)
TAS = 174 Knots (convert from 200 mph)
Time = 0:30:51 to alternate

2:14:33 + 0:30:51 + 45 min reserve = 3:30:24 at 33.6 gph = 117.9 gal
Extra fuel needed = 30 lbs taxi + 50 lbs app + 50 lbs app + 50 lbs missed = 180 lbs
117.9 gallons = 707.3 lbs + 180 = 887.3 lbs

55
Q

How many DME installations are available in the CYYT (St. John’s) area?

A

2

56
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Rainfall gradient is a way to observe areas of turbulence on the weather radar screen.

A

TRUE

57
Q

Departing CYDF at 1800z, you receive the following weather report:

METAR CYDF 191800Z 36005KT 1SM -SHSN BKN006 BKN 020 00/M01 A2990 RMK SF2SC6
SLP040=

The weather system is ____ than forecast.

A

faster

The current weather for CYDF as per GFA is

Broken Layers with base @ 1500 ASL and Tops @ 10,000 ASL P6 SM visibility. Local 2 SM -DZ BR and cigs 600 AGL

The weather that is expected to move in is

*Broken Layers with base @ 2000 ASL and Tops @ 16,000 ASL 1-3 SM -SHSN, Scattered TCU @ 16000 giving 3/4th SM -SHSN and cigs 600 AGL
*
Now if we look at the Metar we see that the vis of 1 SM BKN 2000 Asl was forecasted to move in later in the GFA but is already at the station. SO we come to a conclusion that the weather moved in earlier.

58
Q

What is Coriolis effect?

A

Coriolis effect causes extreme confusion - making it feel like the aircraft is rolling, pitching and yawing all at the same time.

59
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

A two-crew aircraft equipped with dual altimeters upon landing, both altimeters must indicate within +/- 100’ of the field elevation.

A

FALSE

Both altimeters must indicate within +/- 50’ of the field elevation

60
Q

The lowest altitude that an aircraft proceeding north on the V380 out of CYYG (Charlottetown), could file in their IFR flight plan is

A

7000’ ASL

The MEA on V380 is 6700 feet. According to the semicircular rule, when the magnetic track is 000 - 179 degrees, you must use ODD levels (whole thousands for IFR flights, e.g. 5000, 7000, 9000 etc).

MALPE V380

61
Q

What can you conclude with respect to the following NOTAM?

N0856/04 NOTAMN

Q/CZQM/QXXX/IV/NBO/A/000/999

A)CYHZ B)0411261100 C)0412172000EST

D)DAILY 1100- 2000

E) TEMPORARY CRANE APRX 1600 FT FROM THR 33 AND 1300 FT RIGHT RWY 33 CENTERLINE, 120 FT AGL 596 MSL (HALIFAX INTL AD)

A

The NOTAM requires a canceling, or replacing NOTAM.

The duration of this NOTAM is uncertain, which is represented by ‘EST’ (approx).

62
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

While tracking west bound on the V300 between YYG and YQM, you wish to check your position. After tuning in SUMMERSIDE in the ADF, you note an indication of 064° on the ADF indicator. After leveling off on the V300 the aircraft TAS accelerates to 221 knots. Your filed TAS was 210 knots. The difference in filed TAS, and actual TAS is 10% therefore, ATC notification is required.

A

False

The difference in filed TAS, and actual TAS is more than 5% therefore, ATC notification is required.

63
Q

Approaching Halifax from the east on the V312, ATC clears you for the NDB RWY 23 CYHZ approach. What is the recommended procedure turn entry?

A

Race track

Notice the large magnetic variation here - the sector minimum radials are titled a lot, so if we were inbound on the V312 airway (82 degree radial) we would be approaching on the blue line drawn below.

ILS OR NDB RWY 23

64
Q

Departing Gander at 18z on the previously proposed flight to Halifax (Route: R13 - V312; Altitude: QX-YQY = 10000’ASL / YQY-YHZ = 8000’ASL), what icing can the pilot expect to encounter?

A

Moderate mixed icing on departure, light to nil icing enroute to Halifax

65
Q

While waiting for the take-off clearance for runway 24, the tower relays the following aviation routine weather report. Can you legally depart CYHZ?

The latest METAR shows visibility 3/8 SM.

Tower reports RVR Runway 24 is 2600 feet and visibility 1/2 SM.

A

No, due to the low reported ground visibility.

Tower observed visibility does not take precedence over reported ground visibility. Where ground visibility is reported, tower observed visibility is considered advisory only. However, where ground visibility is either not reported or the visibility reported by the AWOS is non-representative of the prevailing visibility at the airport, tower reported visibility, when available, replaces ground visibility and needs to be considered in determining the aerodrome operating visibility.

66
Q

While planning for departure from Halifax (CYHZ), ATC reports that the CRFI for runway 23 is 0.3.

METAR CYHZ 251900Z 18018G27KT 3SM R15/4000VP6000FT/D -RA BR OVC003
14/14 A2953 RERA RMK NS8 SLP002=

Aircraft Stall Speed: 100knots

A take-off under these conditions is not recommended. Why is that?

A

Due to the CRFI for RWY 23 is 0.3 which less than the recommended friction level of 0.41. The aircraft maximum crosswind component will not be exceeded by the gusts.

Crosswind Limits for CRFI
METAR reports winds in true : 180

Magnetic variation is: 18 West

Convert winds from true to magnetic: 180 + 18 = 198

Runway in magnetic: 233, which is 35 degrees from the wind

The winds are gusting to 27 knots from 35 degrees off the runway which could require as much as 0.41 CRFI to maintain enough grip to stay centered during the gust. We have 0.3 CRFI which is more slippery than 0.41. Remember to base takeoff or landing distance performance based on the steady wind expected, but to use the gust factor for crosswind capability or CRFI requirements.

The aircraft stall speed was included in the question because through a rule of thumb we can determine the maximum recommended crosswind component for the aircraft… in this case, 20% of 100 knots is 20 knots which would be the maximum recommended crosswind component (without other guidance from POH).

67
Q

1 1/2 is the equivalent SPEC VIS of category

A

B

68
Q

For the planned flight, CYQX-CYHZ, what is the lowest altitude you could flight plan on R13?

A

10,000’ ASL

Traveling west also requires even thousands when IFR. The MEA must be observed for the route to maintain radio reception. R13 from Gander has a MEA of 9000’ ASL which requires a minimum altitude of 10,000’ for IFR planning purposes.

69
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

With respect to airframe icing collection efficiency, or catch rate, it can be noted that a horizontal stabilizer will collect ice at a greater rate than that of the wing.

A

TRUE

70
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Accumulation of ice and sleet on the antennae tends to produce erroneous readings of the ADF needle and also reduce signal strength.

A

TRUE

71
Q

En route you wish to determine the distance remaining to the VOR. If it takes you 65 seconds to cross 10 radials, and the ground speed is 170 mph, then the aircraft is ____ from the VOR.

A

18.4 SM

Time to Station (mins) = Time to cross radials in seconds/number of radials crossed.

Time to station (mins) = 65/10 = 6.5 mins

Distance to station = TAS x time tonstation /60 =170x6.5/60 = 18.41

Now since the ground speed is in mph the distance above will be in SM.

72
Q

A rotorcraft falls into what category?

A

A

All rotorcrafts are included in this category

73
Q

Explain the effects of pitot system blockage.

A

With complete blockage the airspeed indicator will act like an altimeter.

74
Q

An aircraft that approaches at 172 knots indicated airspeed falls into what category?

A

E

75
Q

Holding short of runway 21 in CYQX, you receive the following weather report:

SPECI CYQX 250052Z CCA 25012G17KT 1/2SM -RA BR BKN010 OVC016 RMK
SC6NS2=

An IFR departure is authorized but the aircraft must be able to maintain a minimum climb gradient of ____/nm up to ____AAE BPOC

A

200 ft; 400’

76
Q

During acceleration, the attitude indicator will indicate

A

Climb

77
Q

Category A aircraft has an equivalent SPEC VIS of

A

1

78
Q

What’s the lowest usable flight level if the altimeter setting is 29.91” to 28.92”?

A

FL200

When the altimeter setting is less than 29.92 in. Hg, there will be less than 1 000 ft vertical separation between an aircraft flying at 17 000 ft ASL with that altimeter setting and an aircraft flying at FL 180, (with altimeter set at 29.92 in. Hg); therefore, the lowest usable flight level will be assigned or approved in accordance with the following table:
Lowest Usable Flight Level

79
Q

Rime ice will form when

A

Small super-cooled water droplets freeze instantly upon striking an aircraft when temperatures are colder than 0°C.

80
Q

If it takes 4 mins to cross 10 radials, what is the time and distance to the station, respectively (TAS 190 Knots)?

A

24 mins, 76 nm

Time to the station = 240 seconds/ 10 radials = 24 minutes

Distance to the station = 190 * 24 / 60 = 4560 / 60 = 76 NM

81
Q

Significant weather prognostic charts are issued for the lower levels of 700 to 400mb or

A

10,000’ ASL, and FL240

82
Q

What’s the equivalent SPEC VIS of aircraft category C?

A

2

83
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Departing St. John’s via the St. John’s Two Dep, off of runway 02, ATC instructs you to maintain heading 060°. You are expected to apply drift correction to the runway heading.

A

FALSE

The SID is not canceled, and the pilot is expected to climb on the assigned heading up to 5000’ or as assigned.

84
Q

En route on the AR13, 125 nm south east of CYYR, destined for CYAY. Your #1 VOR fails leaving you with the #2 VOR. The remainder of your navigation equipment is serviceable. What should you do?

A

Notify ATC on 133.0

The aircraft is equipped with two VORs. Main reason for two is in case one fails, like in this scenario. The key to this question is that even though you are flying in uncontrolled, ATC needs to be informed that a navigation equipment has failed so they can give clearances based on what you have available.

It is a give that you would use other navigation equipment, when there is a failure of what was being used, but in this question even though at the time of failure of the VOR you are in uncontrolled you will be entering back into controlled airspace near YAY. So ATC needs to be informed for the arrival. ATC may have to plan around the equipment failure.

The answer ‘use the other navigation equipment’ is just not the most correct answer in this case (TC exams want the most correct so they will have answers that are good but only one is the most correct).

85
Q

You are departing Halifax on the Halifax Three Dep., using runway 06. Your time off was 1809z. After departure you contact Halifax departure and receive an instruction to turn right to 075°, continue climb to 9000’. A few minutes later you realize you have had complete two way radio communication failure. The time now is 1819, what is the appropriate course of action?

A

Squawk 7600, upon reaching 9000’ proceed directly on course.