IFR Flashcards
IFR alternate airport weather minima
2 1
- Ceiling 200 feet above the minimum for the approach to be flown, and
- Visibility at least 1 statute mile but never less than the minimum visibility for the approach to be flown
Under what conditions are you not required to list an alternate airport on an IFR flight plan for an IFR flight in a helicopter?
114 2
- 1 hour after your ETA
the ceiling is forecast to be at least - 1,000 feet above the field elevation, or
- 400 feet above the lowest applicable approach minima, whichever is higher, and
- visibility of at least 2 statute miles
When can helicopters reduce instrument approach minima?
Helicopters flying conventional (non-Copter) SIAPs may reduce the visibility minima to not less than one half the published Category A landing visibility minima, or 1/4 statute mile visibility/1200 RVR, whichever is greater
What document governs the design of departure procedures?
The design of a departure procedure is based on TERPS (Terminal Instrument Procedures)
What is the standard climb rate for departure procedures?
Departure design criteria assumes an initial climb of 200 feet per NM after crossing the departure end of the runway (DER) at a height of at least 35 feet above the ground
What is the standard Obstacle Identification Slope criteria?
Assuming a 200 feet per NM climb, the departure is structured to provide at least 48 feet per NM of clearance above objects that do not penetrate the obstacle slope. The slope, known as the obstacle identification slope (OIS), is based on a 40 to 1 ratio, which is the equivalent of a 152-foot per NM slope.
IFR Minimum Equipment
GRABCARD - 91.205 (d)
Generator/Alternator
Radios (appropriate for flight)
Altimeter (sensitive/adjustable)
Ball (Inclinometer)
Clock (second hand sweep or digital)
Attitude Indicator
Rate of Turn Indicator
Directional gyro
(DME >24,000 if installed)
Minimum Safe Altitude (MSA)
Altitudes depicted on approach charts which provide at least 1,000 feet of obstacle clearance within a 25-mile radius of the navigation facility, waypoint, or airport reference point upon which the MSA is predicated. MSA may be divided into sectors with different altitudes.
MSAs are for emergency use only and do not necessarily assure acceptable navigational signal coverage
ICAO - Minimum Sector Altitude
Minimum Enroute Altitude (MEA)
The lowest published altitude between radio fixes which assures acceptable navigational signal coverage and meets obstacle clearance requirements between those fixes
What does MEA assure?
- proper reception of navigation aids
- two-way communication with ATC
- safe clearance or margin from obstacles
- adherence to ATC or local procedures
Minimum Obstacle Clearance Altitude (MOCA)
The lowest published altitude in effect between radio fixes on VOR airways, off-airway routes, or route segments, which meets obstacle clearance requirements for the entire route segment and which ensures acceptable navigational signal coverage only within 25 statute (22 nautical) miles of a VOR.
*11500
Minimum Crossing Altitude (MCA)
The lowest allowed altitude at certain fixes an aircraft must cross when proceeding in the direction of a higher minimum en route altitude (MEA)
Minimum Reception Altitude (MRA)
Minimum Reception Altitude (MRA) is the lowest altitude on an airway segment where an aircraft can be assured of receiving signals from ground-based navigational aids.
The lowest altitude at which an intersection can be determined.
Minimum Vectoring Altitude (MVA)
The lowest MSL altitude at which an IFR aircraft will be vectored by a radar controller (except as otherwise authorized for radar approaches, departures, and missed approaches).
The altitude meets IFR obstacle clearance criteria. It may be lower than the published MEA along an airway.
Minimum Holding Altitude (MHA)
The lowest altitude prescribed for a holding pattern which assures navigational signal coverage, communications, and meets obstacle clearance requirements
What are Q-Routes and T-Routes
Q-Routes are available for RNAV-equipped aircraft operating between 18,000 and 45,000 feet. (FL180 - FL450)
T-Routes are at altitudes between 1,200 and 18,000 feet
What chart is used for IFR navigation below 18,000’
Low Altitude En Route Charts
Mandatory Reports (RADAR Contact)
VACME (DEAN) WASH
V - Vacating assigned altitude (for newly assigned) A - Altitude change (VFR on top) C - Climb (unable to maintain >= 500 FPM) M - Missed Approach E - Equipment Failure (DEAN) D - Degree of Impairment E - Equipment Affected A - Aircraft ID N - Nature of Assistance Required W - Wx (unforecasted hazards) A - Airspeed (+/- 10Kts or 5% deviation of filed TAS) S - Safety of Flight H - Holds (established/departing)
Position Reports Composition (Radar Contact)
IPTATEN
I - Identification P - Position T - Time A - Altitude T - Type of Flight Plan E - ETA (next waypoint) N - Name (next waypoint
Mandatory Reports (without radar contact)
COFFE
C - Compulsory Reporting Point O - Outer Marker F - Final Approach Fix (FAF) F - Fix that defined the route (waypoints) E - Error in ETA >2 minutes
Lost Communications Procedures
Check (Volume, Headset, Frequency)
Squawk 7600
Maintain:
Altitude (Highest of MEA)
M - Minimum prescribed for IFR
E - Expected
A - Assigned by ATC
Route (in order) AVE F
A - Assigned
V - Vectored
E - Expected (e.g. expect 9,000 in 20 minutes)
F - Filed
Leaving Clearance Limit
- Does Clearance Limit begin at an IAF?
Yes - start and descend at Expected Further Clearance (EFC)
No - proceed to fix from which approach begins and start approach
When is a Procedure Turn NOT required?
SHARP TT
S - Straight in Approach H - Holding in Lieu of a Procedure Turn A - Arc R - Radar Vectored to Final Approach Course P - “NoPT” Depicted on Chart
T - Timed Approach
T - Teardrop Course Reversal
Types of VOR Checks
VODGA
V - VOT (+/- 4) O - Own (+/- 6) D - Dual (within 4) G - Ground (+/- 4) A - Airborne (+/- 6)
Requirements for VOR check sign-off
SPED
S - Signature
P - Place
E - Error
D - Date