If fertilization does occur

Question 1

What must occur before fertilization?

Answer 1

Ovulation

Question 2

How long is the oocyt viable for?

Answer 2

12-24 hours

Question 3

How long can sperm survive in the female reproductive tract?

Answer 3

Up to 5 days

Question 4

What do sperm do when they reach the oocyte?

Answer 4

Release acrosomal enzymes to digest zona pellucida

Question 5

Once penetration happens, what follows?

Answer 5

Meiosis 2 continues creating mature ovum
Zona pellucida hardens
Maternal and paternal chromosomes combine forming zygote

Question 6

Sperm with the x chromosome tend to be ?

Answer 6

Robust

Question 7

XY chromosome is?

Answer 7

Male

Question 8

XX chromosome is?

Answer 8

Female

Question 9

Within 24 hours of fertilizarion the zygote undergoes?

Answer 9

Morula stage (32 cells)
Travels down fallopian tube 4-5 days
Becomes blastocyst

Question 10

What does IUD do?

Answer 10

Prevents implantation of fertilized ovum into uterine wall

Question 11

What does the blastocyst differentiate into?

Answer 11

Outer cell layer trophoblast
Inner Cell Mass

Question 12

Trophoblast

Answer 12

Outer layer of blastocyst
Invades endometrium creating part of placenta and chorion

Question 13

Inner Cell Mass

Answer 13

Cluster of cells at one end of blastocyst that will form embryo

Question 14

How many days after ovulation does implantation complete?

Answer 14

12 days

Question 15

When implantation is complete what happens?

Answer 15

Trophoblast and chorion secrete human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 16

What does hCG do?

Answer 16

Prevents corpus luteum from degenerating during first trimester of pregnancy
Promotes formation of placenta

Question 17

What does hCG cause as far as hormones?

Answer 17

Causes progesterone and estrogen levels to remain high

Question 18

After the first trimester what secretes progesterone and estrogen?

Answer 18

Placenta

Question 19

Extra embryonic mesoderm forms?

Answer 19

Chorion

Question 20

What does chorion do?

Answer 20

Delivers embryonic blood
Surrounds embryo

Question 21

What forms umbilical arteries and veins?

Answer 21

Chorionic villi

Question 22

True or False: Fetal Blood and mother’s blood do not mix?

Answer 22

True

Question 23

First trimester of embryonic development

Answer 23

Embryo develops and obtains nutrients from placenta at end of 3rd month
Maternal and embryonic circulatory systems exchange materials like oxygen, water, nutrients, waste
Main period for development of body organs

Question 24

After how many weeks are all major adult structures present in the fetus?

Answer 24

8 weeks
Can detect heartbeat