Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Flashcards
1
Q
Pathophysiology of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia
A
An immune response following a viral infection that produces anti-platelet antibodies. These antibodies destroy platelets, which leads to the development of petechiae, purpura and excessive bruising
2
Q
Risk Factors of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia
A
- Recent Viral Illness
- Recent MMR immunization
- Ingestion of medications that can cause thrombocytopenia
3
Q
Signs and Symptoms of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia
A
- Petechiae
- Purpura
- Bruising
- Increased epistaxis or bleedings of the gums
4
Q
Complications of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia
A
- Severe hemorrhage
- Bleeding into vital organs
- Intracranial hemorrhage
These rarely occur
5
Q
Nursing Assessment
A
- Elicits the child’s health history
- Note blood in the stool
- Inspect for petechiae, purpura, and bruising which may progress rapidly within the first 24-48 hours
- Document the size and location of each lesion
- Inspect the lips and buccal mucosa for petechiae
The remainder of the physical examination is usually within normal limits
6
Q
Laboratory Findings
A
- Extremely low platelet count (less than 50,000)
- Normal WBC
- Normal hemoglobin and hematocrit (unless hemorrhage has occurred)
- Bone marrow aspiration may be perform to rule out leukemia
7
Q
Nursing Management
A
Many children require no medical treatment except observation and reevaluation of lab values
- Educate family about avoiding aspirin, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antihistamines (may develop anemia in child)
- The use of acetaminophen for pain control is more appropriate
- Teach families to prevent trauma by avoiding activities that may cause injury (contact sports)
- Encourage activities that provide physical activity with less risk of trauma (swimming)
- Explain to parents the signs and symptoms of serious bleeding and who call if it is suspected
