Ideologies of globalization

Question 1

who wrote the Ideologies of globalization

Answer 1

Manfred B. Steger

Question 2

“current fragmentation of established ideologies and the revived uncertainty concerning whether ideology still exists”

Answer 2

Michael Freeden

Question 3

Michael Freeden two fertile lines of inquiry

Answer 3

1. question ‘the implicit holism in the notion of an ideological family’
2. ‘query the dominant conventions of classifying and categorizing ideologies, with a view to establishing the degree to which they constitute useful clusters’

Question 4

what did Michael Freeden say about globalism and its status on ideology

Answer 4

“it is far too early to pronounce on globalism’s status as an ideology”

Question 5

First line of Freeden’s inquiry

Answer 5

‘globalism; as a possible ‘holistic contender’ but retreated back to the sceptical view that ‘it is far too early to pronounce on globalism’s status as an ideology’

Question 6

Second line of Freeden’s inquiry

Answer 6

recommends imaginative ‘thought-exercises’ with the aim of providing ‘insight into some organizing feature according to which ideologies can be reclassified’

Question 7

select features of human behavior by Freeden

Answer 7

human behavior
- pride
- fear
- gregariousness
- complacency
- vulnerability
- insubordination
- self-depreciation

Question 8

virtues of Freeden’s article

Answer 8

1. political belief systems demand periodic scholarly reassessments
2. willing to revise/change outdated systems
3. thought-exercises to redraw old boundaries and to reclassify

Question 9

what did Manfred B. Steger say about globalism and its status on ideology

Answer 9

‘it is not too early to pronounce on globalism’s status as an ideology’

Question 10

Michael Freeden globalization

Answer 10

‘range of processes nesting under one rather unwieldy epithet’

Question 11

thick economic, political, and cultural interconnections and global flows that make currently existing political borders and economic barriers irrelevant

Answer 11

globality

Question 12

different social manifestations of globality

Answer 12

1. values of individualism and competition
2. economic system of private property
3. embody more communal and cooperative social arrangements, including less capitalistic economic relations

Question 13

confined to a set of complex, sometime contradictory, social processes that are changing our current social condition based on the modern system of independent nation-states

Answer 13

globalization

Question 14

when did large segments of the population both in global North and South accepted globalism’s core laims

Answer 14

mid 1990s

Question 15

said that globalization creates ‘strong discourse’, globalism has proven to be difficult to resits because ot relies on the power of ‘common sense’ that is, the widespread belief that its prescriptive program ultimately derives from an objective description of the ‘real world’

Answer 15

• Pierre Bourdieu
• Zygmunt Bauman

Question 16

notes that the “constant repitition, public recitation, and ‘performance’ of an ideology’s core claims tend to have the capacity to produce what they name”

Answer 16

Judith Butler

Question 17

insists that “full-blown thought systems typically contain ‘six meaning’”

Answer 17

Terry Eagleton

Question 18

defines ideologies in terms of ‘three fundamental modes of interpellation’

Answer 18

Goran Therborn

Question 19

influenced Goran Therborn

Answer 19

Louis Althusser

Question 20

emphasizes ideologies’ comprehensive cognitive functions

Answer 20

Teun van Dijk

Question 21

associates mature ideologies with ‘five operational modes’

Answer 21

John Thompson

Question 22

“mature ideologies display unique features anchored in distinct conceptual morphologies”

Answer 22

Michael Freeden

Question 23

Freeden’s three useful criteria for determining the status of a particular belief system

Answer 23

1. degree of uniqueness and morphological sophistication
2. context-bound responsiveness to a broad range of political issues
3. ability to produce effective conceptual decontestation chains

Question 24

crucial process in the formation of thought systems because it specifies the meanings of the core concepts by arranging them in a ‘pattern’ or ‘configuration’ that links them with other concepts in a meaningful way

Answer 24

decontestation

Question 25

simple semantic chains whose conceptual links convey authoritative meanings that facilitate collective decision-making

Answer 25

effective decontestation structures

Question 26

'ideological claim'-- endow though systems with specific meaning that benefit particular social groups

Answer 26

semantic chains

Question 27

how does a rising thought system become thicker

Answer 27

greater the ability of a rising thought system to produce appealing decontestation chains, the more developed or 'thicker' it becomes

Question 28

claim 1

Answer 28

globalization is about the liberalization and global integration of markets

Question 29

claim 2

Answer 29

globalization is inevitable and irreversible

Question 30

claim 3

Answer 30

nobody is in charge of globalization

Question 31

claim 4

Answer 31

globalization benefits everyone (... in the long run)

Question 32

claim 5

Answer 32

globalization furthers the spread of democracy in the world

Question 33

claim 6

Answer 33

globalization requires a global war on terror

Question 34

twin core concepts

Answer 34

- globalization - market

Question 35

Two established ideologies

Answer 35

1. neoliberalism 2. neoconservatism

Question 36

who inspired the neoliberalism

Answer 36

1. Herbert Spencer 2. Friedrich Hayek 3. Milton Friedman

Question 37

whos views are associated with neoconservatism

Answer 37

1. Keith Joseph 2. Margaret Thatcher 3. Ronald Reagan

Question 38

neoconservatives agree with neoliberals on the importance of what

Answer 38

- free markets - free trade

Question 39

political approach that favors free-market capitalism, deregulation, and reduction in government spending

Answer 39

neoliberalism

Question 40

political ideology characterized by an emphasis on free-market capitalism and an interventionist foreign policy

Answer 40

neoconservatism

Question 41

Three additional factors that gives globalism uniqueness and morphological sophistication

Answer 41

1. centrality of the concept 'globalization' 2. conceptual shift of 'market' 3. formation of six highly original ideological claims (decontestation chains)

Question 42

"globalization is about the triumph of markets over governments"

Answer 42

Business Week

Question 43

- "driving idea of globalization is free market capitalism" - "globalization means the spread of free-market capitalism to virtually every country in the world"

Answer 43

Thomas Friedman

Question 44

"one role of the government is to get out of the way" "remove barriers to the free flows of goods"

Answer 44

Joan Sapiro

Question 45

"policies that further strengthen market incentives and market institutions are relevant for all economies"

Answer 45

Pres. George W. Bush

Question 46

semantic chain

Answer 46

globalization-market-liberty-integration

Question 47

"Today we must embrace the inexorable logic of globalization... Globalization is irreversible, Protectionism will only make things worse"

Answer 47

Pres. Bill Clinton

Question 48

"globalization is inevitable and inexorable and it is acceleration.. globalization is happening, it's going to happen. It does not matter whether you like it or not, it's happening, it's going to happen."

Answer 48

Frederick W. Smith

Question 49

"we cannot simply wish away the process of globalization. It is a reality of a modern world. The process is irreverisble"

Answer 49

Manuel Villar

Question 50

leading neoliberals

Answer 50

- Friedrich Hayek - Milton Friedman

Question 51

"in a way, neoliberal globalism thus resembles its archenemy: Marxism. It is the rebirth of Marxism as a management ideology"

Answer 51

Ulrich Beck

Question 52

"globalist claims of inevitability in market terms bears a striking resemblance to conservative and religious narratives"

Answer 52

Harvey Cox

Question 53

"belief in socialist inevitability was a key element in organizating the German proletariat"

Answer 53

August Bebel

Question 54

"previous globalization processes had beed stopped by similar cataclysmic events"

Answer 54

Robert J. Samuelson

Question 55

"'toxic zeal' of terrorist would eventually be defeated by the combination of military and market forces"

Answer 55

Christopher Shays

Question 56

"the great beauty of globalization is that no one is in control. The great beauty of globalization is that it is not controlled by any individual, any government, any institution"

Answer 56

Robert Hormats

Question 57

"the most basic truth about globalization is this: no one is in charge... we all want to believe that someone is in charge and responsible. But the global marketplace today is an Electronic Herd of often anonymous stock, bond and currency traders and multinational investors, connected by screens and networks"

Answer 57

Thomas Friedman

Question 58

the third mode of decontesting globalization hinges on the classical liberal concept of the ____

Answer 58

self-regulating market

Question 59

"'episodic dislocation' might be necessary in the short run in order to have quantum leaps in productivity in the long run"

Answer 59

John Meehan

Question 60

"free trae and free markets have proven their ability to lift whole societies out of poverty -- so the United States will work with individual nations, entire regions, and the entire glboal trading community to build a world that trades in freedom and therefore grows in prosperity"

Answer 60

President Bush

Question 61

"clear correlation between a country's level of economic development and successful democracy"

Answer 61

Francis Fukuyama

Question 62

"emergence of new businesses and shopping centers in former communist countries should be seen as the 'backbone of democracy'"

Answer 62

First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton

Question 63

"Anglo-American ideological project promoting polyarchy in the developing world"

Answer 63

William I. Robinson

Question 64

"as we preserve the peace, America also has an opportunity to extend the benefits of freedom and progress to nations that lack them. We seek a peace whre repression, resentment and poverty are replaced with the hope of democracy, development, free markets and free trade"

Answer 64

Pres. Bush

Question 65

"the US must demonstrate the most powerful military power o n the planet, and foremost market economy in the world capable of leading a greater number of developing nations to a more posperous future"

Answer 65

- Robert Mcfarlane - Michael Bleyzer

Question 66

pressured the Governing Council to let Order 39 take effect, permitting complete foreign ownership of Iraqi companies and assets that had hitherto been publily owned, total remittance of profits, and some of the lower corporate taxes in the world

Answer 66

Paul Bremer

Question 67

announced the development of a US-Middle East Free Trade Area within a decade

Answer 67

Colin Powell

Question 68

"Iraq War marke the moment when Washington takes real ownership of strategic security in the age of globalization"

Answer 68

Thomas Barnett

Question 69

"a separation of analytic concerns from political matters harbours the danger that the ethos of scientific detachment and value neutrality might unintentionally serve politcal motivated attempts to provide 'people with persuasive arguments to the effect that little can be done in the face of these enormous economic, political, and social developments"

Answer 69

Alan Scott

Question 70

"today's researchers must innovate an improbable but indispensable combination"

Answer 70

Pierre Bourdieu