Identity and Personality Flashcards
Define self concept
The sum of the ways in which we describe ourselves: in the present, who we used to be, and who we might be in the future
Define identities
Individual components of our self connect related to the groups tow which we belong
Define self esteem
Our evaluation of ourselves
Define self efficacy
The degree to which we see ourselves as being capable of a given skill in a given situation
Define locus of control
A self evaluation that refers to the way we characterize the influences in out lines. Either internal (result of our own actions) or external (results of outside factors)
Freud’s stages of psychosexual development
- Oral
- Anal
- Phallic
- Latent
- Genital
Characteristics of oral stage
Birth to 1 year
Erogenous zone: mouth
Characteristics of anal stage
1 to 3 year
Erogenous zone: bowel and bladder control
Characteristics of phallic stage
3 to 6 year
Erogenous zone: genitals
Characteristics of latent stage
6 to puberty
Libido inactive
Characteristics of genital stage
Puberty to death
Maturing sexual interests
What happens if failure occurs at Freud’s psychosocial stage
Fixation
What is the id
Primitive and instinctual part of the mind that contains sexual and aggressive drives and hidden memories; part of the unconscious
What is the ego
The realistic part that mediates between the desires of the id and the super-ego; part of the preconscious and conscious
What is the super ego
Operates as a moral conscience; part of the unconscious, preconscious, and conscious
What are Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development
Trust vs. Mistrust Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Initiative vs. Guilt Industry vs. Inferiority Identity vs. Role Confusion Intimacy vs. Isolation Generativity vs. Stagnation Integrity vs. Despair
What do Erikson’s stages stem from
Conflicts that are the result of decisions we are forced to make about ourselves and the environment around us at each phase of our lives
Characteristics of Trust vs. Mistrust
Lasts from birth to 12 months
“Can I trust the people around me?”
Characteristics of Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Lasts from 1-3 years
Work to establish independence. Can lead to poor self esteem if independence is not established
Characteristics of Initiative vs. Guilt
3-6 years
Learning to plan and achieve goals while interacting with others. Unsuccessful might lead to feelings of guilt
Characteristics of Industry vs. Inferiority
6-12 years
Compare themselves with their peers to see how they measure up.
Characteristics of Identity vs. Role Confusion
12-18 years
“Who am I?” and “What do I want to do with my life?”
Characteristics of Intimacy vs. Isolation
20s through 40s
After we have developed a sense of self in adolescence, we are ready to share our life with others
Characteristics of Generativity vs. Stagnation
40s to mid 60s
Generativity involves finding your life’s work and contributing to the development of others through activities such as volunteering, mentoring, and raising children. Stagnation may feel like they are not making their mark on the world
Characteristics of Integrity vs. Despair
Mid 60s to end of life
People in late adulthood reflect on their lives and feel either a sense of satisfaction or a sense of failure.
What is Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning development
Describes the approaches of individuals to
resolving moral dilemmas
What are the three main stages of Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning development
Preconventional, conventional, and postconventional
What is the preconventional stage of Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning development
Age 0-9
Children don’t have a personal code of morality, and instead moral decisions are shaped by the standards of adults and the consequences of following or breaking their rules.
What is the conventional stage of Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning development
Characterized by an acceptance of social rules concerning right and wrong.
What is the postconventional stage of Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning development
Characterized by an individuals’ understanding of universal ethical principles.
What is Vygotsky’s theory of cultural and biosocial
development
Describes development of language, culture, and skills
What is psychoanalytic perspective
Personality results from
unconscious urges and desires
What is Jung’s psychoanalytic perspective
Collective unconscious, archetypes
Define collective unconscious
Structures of the unconscious mind which are shared among beings of the same species.
Define archetypes
Universal, archaic symbols and images that derive from the collective unconscious
What is the humanistic perspective
Emphasizes internal
feelings of healthy individuals as they strive toward
happiness and self-realization
What is Roger’s unconditional positive regard
The basic acceptance and support of a person regardless of what the person says or does, especially in the context of client-centered therapy.
What is trait and type theory
Personality can be described
as a number of identifiable traits that carry characteristic behaviors
What are the theories of personality
Ancient Greek humors, Sheldon’s somatotypes, division into types A and B, and the Myers-Briggs type Inventory
What are Eysenck’s three major traits
Psychoticism,
extraversion, neuroticism
What are trait theorists Big Five
openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism (OCEAN)
What are Allport’s three basic types of traits
Cardinal, Self-Concept and Identity central, and secondary
