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MCAT Psych/Soc > Identity and Personality > Flashcards

Identity and Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

Define self concept

A

The sum of the ways in which we describe ourselves: in the present, who we used to be, and who we might be in the future

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2
Q

Define identities

A

Individual components of our self connect related to the groups tow which we belong

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3
Q

Define self esteem

A

Our evaluation of ourselves

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4
Q

Define self efficacy

A

The degree to which we see ourselves as being capable of a given skill in a given situation

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5
Q

Define locus of control

A

A self evaluation that refers to the way we characterize the influences in out lines. Either internal (result of our own actions) or external (results of outside factors)

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6
Q

Freud’s stages of psychosexual development

A
  1. Oral
  2. Anal
  3. Phallic
  4. Latent
  5. Genital
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7
Q

Characteristics of oral stage

A

Birth to 1 year

Erogenous zone: mouth

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8
Q

Characteristics of anal stage

A

1 to 3 year

Erogenous zone: bowel and bladder control

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9
Q

Characteristics of phallic stage

A

3 to 6 year

Erogenous zone: genitals

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10
Q

Characteristics of latent stage

A

6 to puberty

Libido inactive

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11
Q

Characteristics of genital stage

A

Puberty to death

Maturing sexual interests

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12
Q

What happens if failure occurs at Freud’s psychosocial stage

A

Fixation

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13
Q

What is the id

A

Primitive and instinctual part of the mind that contains sexual and aggressive drives and hidden memories; part of the unconscious

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14
Q

What is the ego

A

The realistic part that mediates between the desires of the id and the super-ego; part of the preconscious and conscious

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15
Q

What is the super ego

A

Operates as a moral conscience; part of the unconscious, preconscious, and conscious

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16
Q

What are Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development

A 
Trust vs. Mistrust
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Initiative vs. Guilt
Industry vs. Inferiority
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Integrity vs. Despair
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17
Q

What do Erikson’s stages stem from

A

Conflicts that are the result of decisions we are forced to make about ourselves and the environment around us at each phase of our lives

18
Q

Characteristics of Trust vs. Mistrust

A

Lasts from birth to 12 months

“Can I trust the people around me?”

19
Q

Characteristics of Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

A

Lasts from 1-3 years

Work to establish independence. Can lead to poor self esteem if independence is not established

20
Q

Characteristics of Initiative vs. Guilt

A

3-6 years

Learning to plan and achieve goals while interacting with others. Unsuccessful might lead to feelings of guilt

21
Q

Characteristics of Industry vs. Inferiority

A

6-12 years

Compare themselves with their peers to see how they measure up.

22
Q

Characteristics of Identity vs. Role Confusion

A

12-18 years

“Who am I?” and “What do I want to do with my life?”

23
Q

Characteristics of Intimacy vs. Isolation

A

20s through 40s

After we have developed a sense of self in adolescence, we are ready to share our life with others

24
Q

Characteristics of Generativity vs. Stagnation

A

40s to mid 60s
Generativity involves finding your life’s work and contributing to the development of others through activities such as volunteering, mentoring, and raising children. Stagnation may feel like they are not making their mark on the world

25
Q

Characteristics of Integrity vs. Despair

A

Mid 60s to end of life

People in late adulthood reflect on their lives and feel either a sense of satisfaction or a sense of failure.

26
Q

What is Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning development

A

Describes the approaches of individuals to

resolving moral dilemmas

27
Q

What are the three main stages of Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning development

A

Preconventional, conventional, and postconventional

28
Q

What is the preconventional stage of Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning development

A

Age 0-9
Children don’t have a personal code of morality, and instead moral decisions are shaped by the standards of adults and the consequences of following or breaking their rules.

29
Q

What is the conventional stage of Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning development

A

Characterized by an acceptance of social rules concerning right and wrong.

30
Q

What is the postconventional stage of Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning development

A

Characterized by an individuals’ understanding of universal ethical principles.

31
Q

What is Vygotsky’s theory of cultural and biosocial

development

A

Describes development of language, culture, and skills

32
Q

What is psychoanalytic perspective

A

Personality results from

unconscious urges and desires

33
Q

What is Jung’s psychoanalytic perspective

A

Collective unconscious, archetypes

34
Q

Define collective unconscious

A

Structures of the unconscious mind which are shared among beings of the same species.

35
Q

Define archetypes

A

Universal, archaic symbols and images that derive from the collective unconscious

36
Q

What is the humanistic perspective

A

Emphasizes internal
feelings of healthy individuals as they strive toward
happiness and self-realization

37
Q

What is Roger’s unconditional positive regard

A

The basic acceptance and support of a person regardless of what the person says or does, especially in the context of client-centered therapy.

38
Q

What is trait and type theory

A

Personality can be described

as a number of identifiable traits that carry characteristic behaviors

39
Q

What are the theories of personality

A

Ancient Greek humors, Sheldon’s somatotypes, division into types A and B, and the Myers-Briggs type Inventory

40
Q

What are Eysenck’s three major traits

A

Psychoticism,

extraversion, neuroticism

41
Q

What are trait theorists Big Five

A

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism (OCEAN)

42
Q

What are Allport’s three basic types of traits

A

Cardinal, Self-Concept and Identity central, and secondary

MCAT Psych/Soc (13 decks)

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