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MCAT Psych/Soc > Cognition, Consciousness, and Language > Flashcards

Cognition, Consciousness, and Language Flashcards

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1
Q

Which EEG waves and features are present when you’re awake

A

Beta and alpha waves

Able to perceive, process, access, and express information

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2
Q

Which EEG waves and features are present during stage 1

A

Theta waves

Light sleep

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3
Q

Which EEG waves and features are present during stage 2

A

Theta waves

Sleep spindles and K complexes

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4
Q

Which EEG waves and features are present during stage 3/4

A

Delta waves

Slow wave sleep, dreams, declarative memory, consolidation, some sleep disorders

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5
Q

Which EEG waves and features are present during REM

A

Mostly beta

Appears aware physiologically, teams, paralyzed, procedural memory consolidation, some sleep disorders

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6
Q

What are dyssomnias and what are some examples

A

Sleep disorders affecting the amount or timing or sleep

Examples: Insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, and sleep deprivation

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7
Q

What are parasomnias and what are some examples

A

Sleep disorders concerning odd behaviors during sleep

Examples: night terrors and sleep walking (somnambulism)

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8
Q

What is drug addiction mediated by

A

The mesolimbic pathway

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9
Q

What is part of the mesolimbic pathway

A

Nucleus accumbens, medial forebrain bundle, and ventral tegmental area

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10
Q

Examples and function of depressants

A

Sense of relaxation and reduced anxiety

Examples: Alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines

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11
Q

Examples and function of stimulants

A

Increased arousal

Examples: amphetamines, cocaine, ecstasy

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12
Q

Examples and function of opiates/opiods

A

Decreased reaction to pain; euphoria

Examples: heroin, morphine, opium, pain pills

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13
Q

Examples and function of hallucinogens

A

Distortions of reality and fantasy; introspection

Examples: LSD, peyote, mescaline, ketamine, psilocybin-containing mushrooms

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14
Q

What is procedural memory

A

Skils, tasks

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15
Q

What is declarative memory

A

Facts, events

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16
Q

What is episodic memory

A

Events, experiences

17
Q

What is semantic memory

A

Facts, concepts

18
Q

What is explicit memory

A

Conscious memory

19
Q

What is implicit memory

A

Unconscious memory

20
Q

What is encoding

A

The process of putting new information into memory

21
Q

How do we retrieve information

A

Based on priming interconnected notes of the semantic netowrk

22
Q

What is stronger, recognition of information or recall of information

A

Recognition

23
Q

What are Piaget’s stages of cognitive development

A
  1. Sensorimotor stage
  2. Preoperational stage
  3. Concrete operational stage
  4. Formal operational stage
24
Q

What are the characteristics of the sensorimotor stage

A

Focuses on manipulating the environment to meet physical needs through circular reactions; object permanence ends this stage

25
Q

What are the characteristics of the preoperational stage

A

Focuses on symbolic thinking, egocentrism (inability to imagine what another person thinks or feels), and contraption (focusing on only one aspect of a phenomenon)

26
Q

What are the characteristics of the concrete operational stage

A

Focuses on understanding the feelings of others and manipulating physical (concrete) objects

27
Q

What are the characteristics of the formal operational stage

A

Focuses on abstract thought and problem solving

28
Q

What are examples of problem solving techniques

A

Trial and error, algorithms, deductive reasoning, and inductive reasoning

29
Q

What are heuristics

A

Simplified principles used to make decisions, “rules of thumb”

30
Q

What is selective attention

A

Allows one to pay attention to a particular stimulus while determining if additional stimuli require attention in the background

31
Q

What is divided attention

A

Uses automatic processing to pay attention to multiple activities at one time

32
Q

What is Wernicke’s area

A

Language comprehension; damage results in Wernicke’s aphasia (fluent, nonsensical aphasia with lack of comprehension)

33
Q

What is Broca’s area

A

Motor function of speech; damage results in Broca’s aphasia (confluent aphasia in which generating each word requires great effort

34
Q

What is arcuate fasciculus

A

Connects Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas. Damage results in conduction aphasia (inability to repeat words despite intact speech generation and comprehension)

MCAT Psych/Soc (13 decks)

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