Identity Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Thornborrow propose

A

Thornborrow (2004)
4 identities
Master - stable and unchanging (ethnicity gender ect)
Interactional - roles ppl take on when communicating with a specific group
Personal - stable and unique characteristics
Relational - the relationship a person enacts with a particular person in a specific situation

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2
Q

What was Tajfels theory

A

Tajfel (1979)
A person acts as a member of the group they want to be apart of rather than and individual and gain a sense of pride and confidence

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3
Q

What did Grice propose

A

Grice (1975)
Maxims
Quantity - informative as required
Quality - are they truthful
Manner - contributions should be perspicious
Relevance - relate to the purpose of the exchange

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4
Q

What did Trudgill propose

A

Trudgill 1974
Overt prestige - using standard forms in the language- official contexts (divergence)
Covert prestige - using non standard forms (convergence)

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5
Q

What did Sapir- Whorf propose

A

Whorfianism 1929
The hypothesis linguistic relativity claiming that the structure of a language affects the speakers world view of cognition and thus peoples perception are relative to spoken language

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6
Q

What is implicature

A

Something the speaker suggests or implies with an utterance even though it is not literally expressed

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7
Q

What is presupposition

A

An implicit assumption about the world or background belief relating to an utterance

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8
Q

What is a modifier

A

An optional element in phrase structure or clause structure which modifies the meaning of another element

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9
Q

What is representation

A

The production of the meaning of the concepts issues and ideas in our minds through language

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10
Q

To convey personal identity

A

Who you are as a person (unchangeable) how you wish to be identified

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11
Q

To convey social identity

A

Who they are in terms of the groups which they belong

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12
Q

Social/ cultural and contextual factors

A

Factors that may effect someones identity- such as lifestyle (socially) or ethnicity (personally) or where they are during the transcripts (context)

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13
Q

What is Rosch (1975) Prototype theory

A

Our world is organised by idealised cognitive models; where words do not fully capture the whole complexity of reality

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14
Q

Linguistic anthropology Kroskrity(2000)

A

Identity is not given but actively produced by the social identity they are portraying however doesn’t take into account some identities are imposed

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15
Q

Types of register (situational linguistics)

A

Static register - never changes (lords prayer)
Formal register - formal settings (impersonal)
Consultative register - standard (professional discourse/jargon)
Casual register- peers and friends (slang)
Intimate register - private

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16
Q

What are Hallidays metafunctions

A

Ideational -natural world (how we see the world)
Interpersonal- social world (language use to show connections)
Textual - verbal word (order of importance to us, relative)

17
Q

Social proximity

A

Widen or open social proximity
Human interactions and relationships depend on the interplay between separation and connection.

18
Q

Semin’s (2011) idea on social proximity

A

‘Self vs the other’ - wide/ socially distanced
‘Self and the other’ - close/intimate

19
Q

What might someone use to close social proximity

A

Informal tone, humour, anecdotes, collective pronouns, mutual convergence and colloquialisms

20
Q

What might someone use to widen social proximity

A

Use a formal tone, jargon/Latinates, divergence, facts and statistic, lack own opinion and imperatives and interrogatives

21
Q

Synthetic personalisation Fairclough(1989)

A

is the process of addressing mass audiences as though they were individuals through inclusive language usage.

22
Q

What did Althusser propose

A

the imagined existence (or idea) of things as it relates to the real conditions of existence.
(Not told but is suggested)

23
Q

What is Goffmans face theory (1955)

A

Goffman says our face is like a persona which we present in a conversation. It changes from situation to situation.
Positive face
Negative face
Saving face

24
Q

Moscovici (1976) minority influence

A

minority influence - when a minority in society has a social influence
Claimed majority can affect minority or minority effect majority
Majority is based on public compliance