Identity Flashcards
What did Thornborrow propose
Thornborrow (2004)
4 identities
Master - stable and unchanging (ethnicity gender ect)
Interactional - roles ppl take on when communicating with a specific group
Personal - stable and unique characteristics
Relational - the relationship a person enacts with a particular person in a specific situation
What was Tajfels theory
Tajfel (1979)
A person acts as a member of the group they want to be apart of rather than and individual and gain a sense of pride and confidence
What did Grice propose
Grice (1975)
Maxims
Quantity - informative as required
Quality - are they truthful
Manner - contributions should be perspicious
Relevance - relate to the purpose of the exchange
What did Trudgill propose
Trudgill 1974
Overt prestige - using standard forms in the language- official contexts (divergence)
Covert prestige - using non standard forms (convergence)
What did Sapir- Whorf propose
Whorfianism 1929
The hypothesis linguistic relativity claiming that the structure of a language affects the speakers world view of cognition and thus peoples perception are relative to spoken language
What is implicature
Something the speaker suggests or implies with an utterance even though it is not literally expressed
What is presupposition
An implicit assumption about the world or background belief relating to an utterance
What is a modifier
An optional element in phrase structure or clause structure which modifies the meaning of another element
What is representation
The production of the meaning of the concepts issues and ideas in our minds through language
To convey personal identity
Who you are as a person (unchangeable) how you wish to be identified
To convey social identity
Who they are in terms of the groups which they belong
Social/ cultural and contextual factors
Factors that may effect someones identity- such as lifestyle (socially) or ethnicity (personally) or where they are during the transcripts (context)
What is Rosch (1975) Prototype theory
Our world is organised by idealised cognitive models; where words do not fully capture the whole complexity of reality
Linguistic anthropology Kroskrity(2000)
Identity is not given but actively produced by the social identity they are portraying however doesn’t take into account some identities are imposed
Types of register (situational linguistics)
Static register - never changes (lords prayer)
Formal register - formal settings (impersonal)
Consultative register - standard (professional discourse/jargon)
Casual register- peers and friends (slang)
Intimate register - private
What are Hallidays metafunctions
Ideational -natural world (how we see the world)
Interpersonal- social world (language use to show connections)
Textual - verbal word (order of importance to us, relative)
Social proximity
Widen or open social proximity
Human interactions and relationships depend on the interplay between separation and connection.
Semin’s (2011) idea on social proximity
‘Self vs the other’ - wide/ socially distanced
‘Self and the other’ - close/intimate
What might someone use to close social proximity
Informal tone, humour, anecdotes, collective pronouns, mutual convergence and colloquialisms
What might someone use to widen social proximity
Use a formal tone, jargon/Latinates, divergence, facts and statistic, lack own opinion and imperatives and interrogatives
Synthetic personalisation Fairclough(1989)
is the process of addressing mass audiences as though they were individuals through inclusive language usage.
What did Althusser propose
the imagined existence (or idea) of things as it relates to the real conditions of existence.
(Not told but is suggested)
What is Goffmans face theory (1955)
Goffman says our face is like a persona which we present in a conversation. It changes from situation to situation.
Positive face
Negative face
Saving face
Moscovici (1976) minority influence
minority influence - when a minority in society has a social influence
Claimed majority can affect minority or minority effect majority
Majority is based on public compliance
