Child Langauge Acquisition Flashcards
(77 cards)
Pre verbal stage
0-7 months
Vegetive-discomfort sounds
Crying
Non vocal interactions
Cooing
4-6 months
Cooing
Laughing
Babbling
6-12 months
Babbling
Consonat-vowel-consonant
Reduplicated babbling
Variegated babbling
Proto words
Holophrastic stage
12-18 months, one word
Holophrase- a single word expressing whole idea declarative,exclamative, interrogative or imperative
Nouns bias
Overextension
Underextensions
Hypernym
Hyponym
Gestalt expression -compressing words
Segment - perceive boundaries between words
Comprehension
Production
Two word stage
18-24 months
Two-word combinations
Understand grammar
More verbs, adjectives, adverbs and pronouns
Productive vocabulary
Naming insight - understanding that everything has a name
Vocabulary spurt
Mean length utterance
Telegraphic stage
24-36 months
Utterances become longer
Grammatical word- structural accuracy, often omitted as not needed for meaning
Content word - convey meaning
Virtuous error - morphological error made with underlying knowledge
Syntactic inversion - important for forming questions
Post telegraphic stage
36+ months
Grammatically more complex
Normal non fluency features
What did Chomsky believe
Nativism
That language is innate
LAD - language acquisition device
Universal grammar
Virtuous errors show a innate understanding of language
What did skinner believe
Behaviourism
environmental influence- learn through imitation
Positive reinforcement (rewarding correct use of language)
Children are conditioned to learn language - and wont learn unless a parent shapes their behaviour
Counter theory : Berko-Gleason Wug test
What did Piaget believe
Cognitive theory
Aquire lang from social interaction
Cannot be taught before they are at the correct developmental stage
Every child goes through the same stages in the same order
What did Bruner believe
Social interactionist theory
social interaction
LASS language acquisition support system (recasting, rephrasing, scaffolding, protoconversation and framing)
MKO, reinforcement, CDS and scaffolding
What did Vygotsky believe
Social interaction theory
scaffolding and the support of an MKO you could bridge the gap between what a child can do and can’t do
What did Berko- Gleason do
The WUG test
Test a child’s grammatical rules
From a young age children grasped these rules implying children have internalised grammatical understanding. However, younger children could only apply it to words they already knew.
What did Aitchison suggest
Development of vocabulary stages
Labelling, packaging and network building
both innate abilities and environment but believed that baby talk could hinder the child’s language acquisition later on.
The organs of articulation
Bilabial constant (both lips) /b/,/m/,/p/
Labio dental (upper teeth lower lip) /f/,/v/
Dental (tip of tongue and upper teeth)th (like this and thing)
Alveolar (tongue and alveolar ridge) /n/,/t/,/d/,/s/,/l/,/Z/
Palatal (tongue and hard palate) y,sh, ch, r, j
Velar (tongue and soft palate) k,g, ng
Glottal (glottis) g, h and glottal stop like uh-oh
In utero
Speculated that foetus’ starting learning language in utero, listening to their mothers as soon as their ears develop. ‘mother tongue’, rhythm and intonation
Context
At home children are more comfortable and likely to make mistakes or try phonemic and lexical expansion
Paralinguistic features
The three primary auxiliary verbs
Most omitted
Have, be, do
MLU
Mean Length Utterance
What is Fis phenomenon (Jean Berko and Rodger Brown)
a child’s perception of phonemes occurs earlier than the ability to pronounce phonemes
Katherine Nelson (1973)
Nouns represent 60% of a child’s first 50 words
Naming
Action
Modifying
Social
Two word stage syntactic structure
Subject- verb
Or
Verb- object
Bellugi (1966)
Negation understanding negatives
1. No at start or end
2. No in middle
3. Contractions “don’t”
4. Negative are accurate
What is Lennenburg’s critical age hypothesis
Age 8-9
after this age grammar can no longer develop due-to neurones being severed
