Identification methods Flashcards
1
Q
___ years before a person can be presumed dead
A
7
2
Q
In terms of value of different points of identification, visual recognition by relatives or friends vs fingerprints or dental comparison
A
Visual recognition is of lesser value than finger prints or dental comparison
3
Q
To determine the complexion, the patient’s whole body should be exposed to ______ (UV, Ordinary sunlight)
A
Ordinary sunlight
4
Q
(Type of facies) Nose is pinched, temple hollow, eyes sunken, ears cold, lips relaxed, skin livid
A
Hippocratic facies
5
Q
(Type of facies) Almond eyes, pale complexion, prominence of cheek of cheek bones
A
Mongoloid facies
6
Q
Name the method of approximating height
A
- (length of one arm x 2) + (length of clavicle + 12in) + (length of sternum + 1.5 in)
- (length of vertex of the skull to the pubic symphysis x 2)
- length of supraternal notch to the pubic symphysis x 3
- (Base of skull to coccyx) / 0.44
- Olecranon process to the tip of the middle finger x 19/5
- Length of head x 8
7
Q
____ is a verbal, accurate, and picturesque description of the person identified provided by the witness, relatives or other persons acquainted with the person
A
Portrait parle (spoken picture)
8
Q
Distance at which the best known person cannot be recognized by the clearest moonlight.
A
16 to 17 yards or 15 to 16 meters
Starlight: 10-13 yards or 9-12 meters
9
Q
Fingerprints are formed in the fetus on the ____ month of pregnancy
A
4th month
10
Q
Dactylography vs Dactyloscopy
A
Dactylography - art and study of recording fingerpritns as means of identification
Dactyloscopy - art of identification by comparison of fingerprints. Study of utilization of fingerprints
Poroscopy - study of pores found on the papillary or friction ridges
11
Q
Name the substances used to make latent prints available
A
Graphite for spraying, aluminum powder, plaster of paris, copper powder, metallic antimony
12
Q
A type of signature forgery accomplished without outline
A
simulated forgery
Spurious forgery - one prepared primarily in the forger’s own handwriting wherein little or no attempt has been made to copy the characteristics of the genuine writing
13
Q
[Age of Scar]
brownish or coppery
A
2 to 6 months
14
Q
[Age of Scar]
white, glistening, contracted and tough
A
> 6 months
15
Q
[Anthropometrics]
____ devised a scheme utilizing anthropometrical measurement as basis of identification
A
Alphonse Bertillon
16
Q
[Anthropometrics]
human skeleton is unchangeable after the ___ year
A
20th
17
Q
What is the most valuable method of identification?
A
fingerprinting
18
Q
Fingerprints are formed during ___ months AOG
A
4th month
19
Q
[Fingerprinting]
The art and study of recording fingerprint as a means of identification
A
Dactylography
20
Q
[Fingerprinting]
art of identification by comparison of fingerprints
A
Dactyloscopy
21
Q
[Fingerprinting]
study of pores found on the papillary friction ridges of the skin for purposes of identification
A
Poroscopy
22
Q
[Fingerprinting: Kinds of Impression]
Impression of finger bulb with the use of printing ink on the surface of the paper
A
Real
23
Q
[Fingerprinting: Kinds of Impression]
Impression made by chance and is visible without previous treatment
A
Visible print
24
Q
[Fingerprinting: Kinds of Impression]
pressing the fingertips on melted paraffin, putty, resin
A
Plastic print
25
[Fingerprinting: Kinds of Impression]
not visible after impression but made visible by addition of some substances
latent print
26
[Types of fingerprint patterns]
Ridges go from one side of the pattern to another, never turning back to make a loop
Arches
27
[Types of fingerprint patterns]
One or more ridges enter on either side, recurves and terminate or tend to terminate on the same side
Loops
28
[Types of fingerprint patterns]
two deltas and patterns too irregular in form to classify
Whorls
29
[Temporary teeth]
Central incisors, upper teeth erupt at ___
7 months
Lower teeth central incisor - 6 months
30
[Temporary teeth]
Late incisors erupt at
9 months
Lower teeth lateral incisors - 10 months
31
[Temporary teeth]
canine erupt at
18 months
32
[Temporary teeth]
First molar erupt at
2 years old
33
[Permanent teeth]
First molar
6 years old
34
[Permanent teeth]
Central incisors
7 years old
35
[Permanent teeth]
lateral incisors
8 years old
36
[Permanent teeth]
first bicuspid
9 years old
37
[Permanent teeth]
second bicuspid
10 years old
38
[Permanent teeth]
canines
11 years old
39
[Age approximation]
12 permanent teeth (8 incisors and 4 molars)
9 years old
40
[Age approximation]
initial calcification of the 3rd molar
8 to 10 years old
41
[Age approximation]
20 permanent teeth
11 years old
42
[Age approximation]
28 permanent teeth, no decidous teeth
13 years old
43
[Age approximation]
the root ends of the 3rd molar completely calcified
25 years old
44
___ science of handwriting analysis
bibliotics
45
___ study of handwriting for the purpose of determining the writer's personality, character, and aptitude
Graphology
46
What are the classification of signature forgery
1. Traced
2. Simulated
3. Spurious
47
[Identification of human skeleton]
Bones used to measure height
1. Femur
2. Humerus
3. Tibia
4. Radius
48
[Identification of human skeleton]
Bones used to determine sex
1. Pelvis
2. Skull
3. Sternum
4. Femur
5. Humerus
49
[Male/Female]
Pubic arch that is narrow and less round
Male
50
[Male/Female]
obturator foramen is egg shape
Male
51
[Male/Female]
the mastoid process is larger
male
52
[Male/Female]
The styloid process is longer and slender
Female
53
[Male/Female]
superciliary ridges are less sharp and more rounded
Male
54
All soft tissues in a grave disappear within ___ months
12 months or 1 year
55
Age exempted from criminal liability
<9 years old
Over 9 years and under 15 unless he has acted with discernment
56
Age may be determined by?
1. Appearance of ossification centers
2. Union of bones and epiphyses
3. Dental identification
4. Obliteration of cranial sutures
57
[Test for blood tissue]
recent bloodshed is soluble in saline and imparts a bright red colir
solubility test
58
[Test for blood tissue]
imparts muddy precipitate
heat test
59
[Test for blood tissue]
bluish white luminescence is a positive sign for blood. it is due to ___
hematin
60
[Test for blood tissue]
brownish tinge due to the alkaline hematin
Saline Extract + ammonia
61
[Test for blood tissue]
blue color as sign of positive test; but not conclusive
```
Benzidine test
Guaiacum test (Van Deen Dyas or Schombein test)
```
62
[Test for blood tissue]
Kastle-Meyer test refer to
Phenolphthalein test
63
[Test for blood tissue]
Considered to be the best of the microchemical test
Teichmann blood crystals or Hemin crystal test
64
[Test for blood tissue]
determines whether blood is of human or not
Precipitin test
65
Menstrual blood contains large number of non-clotting, acidic blood called___
Deoderlein bacilli
66
What act defined death as cessation of cardiopulmonary functions and/or cessation of brain activity?
Organ donation act of 1991
67
___ sum total of all the vital processes by which the physical integrity of the body is maintain
life
68
[Death]
deep, irreversible absence of electrical brain activity
brain death
69
[Death]
molecular death happens ___ hours after cessation of vital functions of he body
3-6 hours
70
[Signs of death]
____ test ligature is applied around the base of a finger with moderate tightness
Magnus test
71
[Signs of death]
___ test is the injection of a solution of fluorescein subcutaneously
Icards test
72
[Signs of death]
____ test wherein the fingers are spread wide and the finger webs are viewed through a strong light
Diaphanous test
73
[Signs of death]
____ test
movement of the image formed by reflecting artifical light on the water or mercury contained in saucer
Winslow test
74
___ mortis is one of the most prominent signs of death
Algor mortis
75
Post mortem caloricity or the rise in temperature of the body __ hours after death
First 2 hours
76
[Factors influencing the rate of cooling of the body]
Factors that delay cooling (connected with the body)
1. Acute pyrexial disease
2. Sudden death in good health
3. Obesity
4. Asphyxia
5. Middle age
77
[Factors influencing the rate of cooling of the body]
factors accelerating cooling (connected with the body)
1. Leanness
2. Extreme age
3. Long standing or lingering illness
4. Chronic pyrexial disease associated with wasting
78
[Factors influencing the rate of cooling of the body]
factors that are connected with the surroundings that delay cooling
1. Clothing
2. Want of access of air
3. Small room
4. Warm surroundings
79
[Factors influencing the rate of cooling of the body]
factors that are connected with the surroundings that accelerates cooling
1. Unclothed
2. Conditions allowing the access of air
3. Large room
4. Cooling more rapid in water
80
[Factors influencing the rate of cooling of the body]
During the first hour of death, the body temp drops to ___
half the difference of the body temp and that of the air
81
[Factors influencing the rate of cooling of the body]
2 hours after death, the body temperature falls
1/2 of the previous rate
82
[Factors influencing the rate of cooling of the body]
Body attains temperature of the surrounding air after -__ hours of death
12 to 15 hours
83
[Factors influencing the rate of cooling of the body]
What is the formula to estimate the duration fo death?
Time = [(normal tem) x 38.89 deg C - rectal tem ] / 1.5
84
[Changes in the body following death]
Starts immediately after death,
extremely flexed, lower jaw falls and the eyeball loses its tension
Stage of primary flaccidity
85
[Changes in the body following death]
In tropical countries, rigor mortis happens
24-48 hours during cold weather
18 to 36 hours during summer
86
[Changes in the body following death]
in Rigor mortis, what compounds in the body increases
1. Lactic acid
| 2. phosphoric acid
87
What are the internal factors influencing the time of onset of rigor mortis?
1. State of the muscle (longer in healthy and at rest before death)
2. Age (early onset in newborn and elderly)
3. Integrity of the nerves
88
What are the external factors influencing the onset of rigor mortis
1. Accelerated in high temp, stiff if above 75 deg C
| 2. Short in moist air
89
[Cadaveric spasm vs Rigor Mortis]
involves certain muscles or group of muscles only which happens immediately after death
Cadaveric Spasm
90
what are the organism usually involved and seen in secondary flaccidity?
1. Clostridium Welci
| 2. C. perfringes
91
[Ante- or Post-mortem clot]
firm, cannot be stripped into layers, uniform color
ante-mortem
92
[Ante- or Post-mortem clot]
soft, smooth and healthy after the clots are removed, stripped off in layers
post-mortem
93
[Post-mortem lividity]
blood gravitates to the most dependent portions but still inside the BV in fluid form
hypostatic
94
[Post-mortem lividity]
Appears during the later stages when blood has coagulated inside the blood vessel
diffusion
95
[Post-mortem lividity: Color]
Dark
asphyxia
96
[Post-mortem lividity: Color]
bright pink
CO
97
[Post-mortem lividity: Color]
Less dark
hemorrhage, anemia
98
[Post-mortem lividity: Color]
bright red
hydrocyanic acid or Prussic acid
99
[Post-mortem lividity: Color]
dark brown
phosphorous
100
[Post-mortem lividity: Color]
chocolate or coffee brown
Potassium chlorate, Potassium dichromate
101
[Autolytic changes after death]
breaking down of the complex proteins into simpler components
putrefaction
102
[Autolytic changes after death]
What is the color and location of the earliest sign of death in the skin
Greenish, right iliac fossa
103
[Autolytic changes after death]
Prominence of the superficial veins with reddish discoloration
marbolization
104
What is the order of putrefaction when the body is in water
1. Face and neck or sternum
2. Shoulders
3. Arms
4. Abdomen
5. Legs
105
[Factors that influence the floating of body in water]
What is the role of age
1. well-nourished newly born float rapidly
106
[Factors that influence the floating of body in water]
What is the role of sex
women float sooner
107
[Factors that influence the floating of body in water]
What is the role of obesity
obese persons float sooner
108
[Factors that influence the floating of body in water]
What is the influence of the season of theyear
moist air in the summer accelerates floating of the body
109
What is the optimum temperature for decomposition?
70 to 100 deg F or 21 to 37.38 deg C
110
Decomposition does not occur at this temp
Below 32 deg F or 0 deg
Above 212 deg F or 100 deg C
111
What is the effect of clothing in putrefaction
Initially hastens it then protects it later from flies and other insects
112
[Putrefactive Changes in tropical regions]
Rigor mortis all over
hypostasi
green discoloration over the caecum
12 hours
Onset is 2-3 hours after death
113
[Putrefactive Changes in tropical regions]
Rigor mortis absent
Green discoloration over the whole abdomen
Abdomen distended with gases
24 hour
Post-mortem lividity 3 to 6 hours after death
114
[Putrefactive Changes in tropical regions]
Ova of flies seen, trunk bloated
48 hours
115
[Presumption of death]
disappearance of a person for __ years, not for the purpose of succession
7 years
if for inheritance, 10 years
recently, its down to 4 years
116
[Presumption of death]
person is dead after ___ years of being missing or unheard off from plane crash, lost in sea voyage, explorer, go into war
4 years
recently, its 2 years
117
[Presumption of survivorship]
if both are under age 15,
older is presumed to have survived
118
[Presumption of survivorship]
if both were above the age 60,
the younger is presumed to have survived
119
[Presumption of survivorship]
if one is under 15 and other above 60
Age 15 is presumed to have survived
120
[Presumption of survivorship]
if both are over 15 and under 60, but different sexes
male is presumed to survive
121
[Presumption of survivorship]
if both are over 15 and under 60, same sex,
the older is presumed to survive
