ID2

Question 0

salmonella typhi is

Answer 0

intracellular gram negative enteric bacillus

Question 1

salmonella reservoirs, but salmonella typhi

Answer 1

most animals have reservoirs, but salmonella typhi is an exclusive human host

Question 2

how does typhoid fever get into GI tract?

Answer 2

fecal contaimination fo water, food (human reservoir)

Question 3

how does TF attack?

Answer 3

invades monocyte-macrophage cells–>produces endotoxin

Question 4

what is typhoid fever?

Answer 4

infection of small bowel lymphatics with bacteremia
ulceration, bleeding, and perforation
disseminated infection: osteomyelitis (infection of bone)

Question 5

chemokines from salmonella typhoid

Answer 5

do not direct neutrophil migration

Question 6

where is inflammation in TF?

Answer 6

peyer’s patches
spleen
liver

Question 7

3 phases ST?

Answer 7

infection
dissemination
pathologic lesions

Question 8

sign of TF

Answer 8

red spots on abdomen
hemorrhagic lesions on ileum
mnonuclear cells with intracellular bacteria in liver
mononuclear cells and red blood cells in stool

Question 9

mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 9

acid fast, aerobic intracellular bacterium with waxy cell wall

Question 10

path of tuberculosis

Answer 10

taken up by macrophages and multiples within non-acidified phagosomes
–>delayed-type hypersensitivity: CD4 cells stimulate TNFa & IFNg secretion–>macrophage activation–>epitheloid granuloma formation
CD8 cells can lyse macrophages

Question 11

glycolupid factors

Answer 11

induce granulomas

Question 12

lipoarabinomanan

Answer 12

similar to LPS

inhibit macrophage activation

Question 13

path to tissue destruction and hemorrhage

Answer 13

granulomatous inflammtion, caseation necrosis, liquefaction

**balance of cytoknes is the key

Question 14

balance of TNF

Answer 14

human allelic variants of Leukotriene hydrolase control
too little–>uncontrolled growth
too much–>tissue destruction
**can lead to immuity by activated macrophages

Question 15

marker of Tb

Answer 15

lung granuloma with multinucleated giant cell

Question 16

type of chronic inflammation and scarring

Answer 16

lung abscess and empyema

Question 17

lung absecess and empyema

Answer 17

mixed aerobic and anerobic bacteria–>associated with aspirated upper resp flora

–>tissue destrctuion–>walled off fibrous cavity and liquefied central cavity–>mac, lymph and plasma cells surround areas by continuing bacterial growth–>resolution by drainage through bronchus or chest wall–>scarring and restriction of lung capacity

Question 18

greater than 90% tb

Answer 18

healing, calcification ,formant–>can reactivate or reinfection–>then get secondary cavitary tb

Question 19

less than 10% tb

Answer 19

progressive primary Tb

Question 20

greater suceptibility of progressive primary tb in

Answer 20

certain racial groups
children
immunosuppressed hosts