ID questions

Question 1

Describe the tennis court oath

Answer 1

• June 20th 1789
• estates general colapses -> 3rd estate establishes themselves as the national asembly
• louis locks them out of chamber
• conveine at nearby tennis court
  
  • take oath: refuse to adjourn until they make constitution of france
• goal: create constitutional monarchy like the brits
• vote by head rather then by order
• june 27th, recognized by king -> finally create a recognized national assembly

Question 2

what is the fall of Bastille?

Answer 2

• july 14 1788-89
• attack on the fortress of Bastille
• King sends troops to Bastille and rumor has it that the army is killing prisoners
• angry mod storms bastille and captures fortress
  
  • kills commander of army and puts his head on spike
• king removes troops
• this is what causes the great fear!!
  
  • based on rumors and threats

Question 3

what is the declaration of rights of man and the citizen?

Answer 3

• Aug 26 1789
• forshadows where the revolution will go
• first outline for plan of constitutional gov
• rosseau’s ideas influences this
  
  • individualism and gov as inherent general will of ppl
• setting agends for equality and openness -> downplaying the previously established hierarchy

Question 4

• june 1791
• aristocracy identified as being against the revolution
• turning point of the revolution
• king leaves written evidence that he is a trader to the revolution

this ID question is …

Answer 4

Flight to Varennes 91’

Question 5

describe the committee of public safety

Answer 5

• COPS
• executive elected body in charge of
  
  • defend terror and france
  • directing the war effort
  • suppressing counter revolutionary activity
• maximilien Robspierre
  
  • create republic of virtue
  • bring down old regime
  • violence necessary to avoid counter rev.
  • uses rosseau’s social contract -> fules agenda through ‘general will of the ppl’
• enemies of the ppl
  
  • left more radical, right (monarchs) for old regime
• dechristianization
• bread of equality

Question 6

describe Voltaire

Answer 6

• 1694-1778
• Man of reason
  
  • against the church (but not athiest)
  • clergy exploit their position to maintain power
• wrote book about his experience in england
  
  • appreciated their openness to opinions and their disconnect b/w the church and the gov
  • appreciated their acceptable of free speech and their value of critical thinking
• candid 1759
  
  • “to encourage others” “we must cultivate our garden”
  • attempt to answer problem of evil (through philosophy of optimism)
  • change can be brought about through pressure of public opinion
• ecrasez l’infame
  
  • fight superstition, inollerance, and irrational behavoir
• credited to establishing liberal values
  
  • freedom of speech, rejection of bigotry and superstition, and belief in reson and tolerance

Question 7

what is the spirit of the laws?

Answer 7

• baron de Montesquieu 1748
• arguing on the basis of experience and observation
• forms of government impacts the nation
  
  • republic (virtue)
    
    • no king, but citizens views represented through demoncratic process
    • only possible in small groups
  • despotism (fear)
    
    • rule unconstrained by law
    • dispotic leader can rule without checks on his power
  • monarchy (honour)
    
    • checks on power
    • government can rule but there are checks on his powers

seperation of power are critical:

• legislative
• executive
• judiciary

Question 8

describe the social contract

Answer 8

• Jean Jacques Rosseau
• argument on how and why government exists
• man born free but everywhere he is in chains
• the sovereign is the collective formation of individuals who have joined thorugh a “social contract”
• ppl agreeing to give up some of their rights in exchange to work collaboratively with eachother
• loss of freedom BUT benefits from security and order of the collective agreement
• general will of citizens in society
• liberal and demoncratic social order
• levels of inequality can impact whether a government is legitimate or acceptable

Question 9

describe the colonne plan

Answer 9

• Charles Alexandre de colonne
  
  • ppl outside of paris need to participate to taxes
  • creates local assemblies for tax administration
• fiscal reform: uniform land tax, no exemptions, provincial assemblies
• abolition of controls and customs on grain trade
• have the plan endorsed by the assembly of notables
  *

Question 10

what is the assembly of notables?

Answer 10

• handpicked notables from the crown who are to approve colonne plan
• most of these notables are from the 1st and 2nd estate
  
  • notables didnt like plan cuz this would increase their taxes
  • insist that the estates general only able to approve new taxes to
  1. stall changes to the system
  2. require a more representative body of elected representatives to approve changes to political representation and taxation (they want this cuz they vote by order and not by head)

Question 11

what is the peterloo masacre?

Answer 11

• 1819
• french rev delays democratic reform
• working class protest the regime
• british gov suspends political liberties so that they dont have another massacre
• gov hostile to working class movements
• influences by the french rev

Question 12

what is the great reform bill 1832

Answer 12

• at this time only 1/12 men could vote
  
  • this didnt include wealthy factory owners
  • landed property needed to vote
• whigs tryng to cut down rotton burrows -> tory’s trying to keep it cuz there are ppl with a vested interest in it
• redistricting put in place to reflect population shift
• rotton burrows no longer exist
• sufferage for urban middle class 1/6 men can vote
  
  • but there were stll lots disenfranchised and no sufferage for working class
• expanded suffrage BUT did not create democracy

Question 13

what is the peoples charter?

Answer 13

• 1837
• make the government more accountable to the common ppl of britain
• done by chartists -> working class activists who support the ppls charter

1. manhood sufferage
2. vote by ballot
3. equal size electorate districts
4. annual elections
5. no property qualifications
   
   1. anyone eligible to run for parliament
6. pay for members of parliament

the chartists agenda would gradually become reality thorugh the 2 and 3 reform acts (only thing that wouldnt happen is annual election)

Question 14

what is the napoleonic code

Answer 14

• 1804
• civil and criminal code
• uniform system of law that works for everyone
• rights to property become important
  
  • abolition of hereditary privilege
• freedom of religion
• creates system of privilege and authority
• new nobility
  
  • restores old noble positions
  • bringing back pre-existent status under monarchy

The country is more unified under Napoleon -> it’s a more functional state cuz of the administrative and financial changes made