FINAL EXAM: ID questions

Question 1

The new economic policy

Answer 1

• 1921
• retreat from state controls and encourage small business
• relaxation of state controls on the market
• need for bourgeois experts
  
  • having those who directly engage in entrepeneural activities to grow the economy
  • recognition of professionals to stay or come back to the soviet union to serve country (revised incomes for them)
• this resulted from the civil war that the soviets experienced -> the economy catapulted backwards so this was needed to improve the economy

Question 2

sergei kirov

Answer 2

Begins with the terror from the civil war in the soviets

• originally bolsivick
• party leader in leningrad
  
  • someonw who has better sense about economic development and industrialization of hte ppl
• party congress -> more popular than stalin
• in 1939, he is assasinated at the start of the purges
  
  • killed by the husband of a woman he was having an affair with
• this resulted in the opportunity to …
  
  • allows communist party leadership to use this as a way to be against ‘traitors of the state
• triggers a series of arrests within the party which works to stalins advantage
• becomes the trigger for the purging process
  
  • becomes the broad paranoia with whats going wrong with the soviet union

Question 3

treaty of versailles

Answer 3

• 1919
• following the result of WWI and the immense damages and casualties
• takes place in paris -> england, france, and the US invited
  
  • germany not
• Germany will pay!
  
  • reperations for war
  • french suffer most dfamage
• the problem is how to divide the reperations evenly?
• diktat : unfair cuz Germans had no say

Impact?

• Treaty restrictions
  
  • wilsonian agenda peace terms (trade, re-adjustment of colonies, covenants, replace authoritarian regimes)
  • german territoral loss
  • military constraints
    
    • no tanks, navy restricted
  • reperations
• hyperflation
  
  • done cuz of the reperations
  • germany pays reperations in such way to show France, britain, and the US that it will be impossible
• legitimacy and connections with allies
  
  • france loses US support
  • brits dont trust french
  • france looking to allign with new countries

Question 4

reichstag fire decree

Answer 4

feb 28, 1933

• the arrest of a dutch communist
  
  • also, the belief that a nazi set the fire
    
    • conspiracy
• there is a reason to believe in NAZI complicity
• nazis suspend civil liberties and arrest anyone who is against the state -> these are the socialists and communists
• this followed the enabling act
  
  • Nazis didnt win popular vote BUT won through intimidation
  • enabling law gives gov decree powers
  • nazis can set policies and decree policies without needing much permission from parliament
  • they disolve political parties
  • turns germany into a one party state

The night of the long knives follows this

• SS kill those who treaten Hitlers reign
• eliminated indivduals who pose threat BUT also shows hitlers responsibilities for the killing
• Anyone who doesnt side with Nazis go to concentration cams