ID-cardiovascular and lymphatic systems

Question 1

Defenses of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems

Answer 1

Leukocytes are defenses in blood stream. Highly protected but if microbes to invade they gain access to every part of the body. Bloodstream infections are systemic infections and usually end with the suffix -emia.

Question 2

Normal biota of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems

Answer 2

NONE

Question 3

Infectious Mononucleosis

Answer 3

Caused by the epstein barr virus. Symptoms include sore throat, high fever, and enlarged lymph nodes (cervical lymphadenopathy). Long incubation period, 30-50 days. Gray-white exudates in throat, skin rash, enlarged spleen and liver. Sudden leukocytosis (death of blood cells), fatigue is major complaint.

Question 4

Virulence factors of mono

Answer 4

Virus can remain latent as it hides in host cell. Can be lysogenic.

Question 5

Epidemiology of mono

Answer 5

More than 90% of world’s population is infected with EBV and in general causes no noticeable symptoms except at time of infection. Infection during teen years can cause disease, before or after usually remains asymptomatic. Can last a long time with relapses.

Question 6

Transmission of mono

Answer 6

Direct oral contact and contamination with saliva. Transfer through blood, sexual contact, and organ transplant are also possible.

Question 7

Prevention and treatment of mono

Answer 7

Treatment directed at asymptomatic relief of fever and sore throat. Hospitalization is rare but occasionally a ruptured spleen necessitates this and surgery. No antibiotics for treatment due to viral pathogen. Antivirals do not have much effect as virus hides in host cells.