ID Flashcards
How is girdiasis treated and what complication can occur after treatment?
Metronidazole
Lactose intolerance
CURB 65 scoring
Confusion Urea >7 RR > 110 BP systolic <90 or diastolic <60 ?? Aged >65
0 or 1 - oral amox
2 – admit for oral amox + clari
3-5 – admit for iv co-amox
How is aspiration pneumonia treated?
IV Cephalosporin + metronidazole
What are symptoms of malaria?
Malaise
Myalgia
Headache
N+V
What are signs of malaria?
Jaundice
Haemolytic anaemia
Low platelets
Hepatosplenomegaly
How is malaria diagnosed?
Thick and thin blood films
Need at least 3 blood samples on 3 diff days to rule out
What are complications of malaria?
Hypoglcyaemia Cerebral malaria – seizures ARDS Acute renal failure DIC
How does amoebiasis present?
Amoebiasis can be asymptomatic, cause mild diarrhoea, or severe amoebic dysentry
Amoebic dysentry presents with profuse bloody diarrhoea
If amoebic liver abscess= Fever, RUQ pain
Can also cause colonic abscesses
How is leprosy treated?
Triple therapy = rifampicin+dapsone+clofazimine
How does leptospirosis present?
Farmers, sewage workers, ppl in water Red eyes – conjunctivitis AKI Hepatitis Fever
What are late signs of Lyme disease?
Heart block
Pericarditis
Facial nerve palsy
Meningitis
What are features of Legionella pneumonia?
Dry cough – atypical pneumonia
Deranged LFTs
Low lymphocytes
Low sodium
How is Legionella diagnosed?
urinary antigen
What is seen on LP in TB meningitis?
Raised protein
low glucose
raised lymph
How long is HIV post-exposure prophylaxis given?
4 weeks
Patient with HIV with ring enhancing lesions- what is it and how is it managed?
Toxoplasmosis
Treated with Pyrimethamine + Sulphadiazine
Patient with HIV with a single lesion with solid enhancement (not ring)- what is it and how is it managed?
Primary CNS lymphoma
Management = commence anti-retroviral therapy and whole brain irridation
How is CMV retinitis managed?
Intraocular Ganciclovir and PO Valganciclovir
Profuse bloody diarrhoea + RUQ pain?
Amoebic liver abscess
Giardiasis
x
How is latent TB treated?
Isonaizid (with Pyridoxine) for 6 months
What is LGV?
Caused by chlamydia trachoma’s
However majority of patients will be HIV positive
Stage 1 = small painless ulcer
Stage 2 = painful inguinal lymphadenopathy
Stage 3 = Proctocolitis = Bloody bowel movements, rectal bleeding, abode pain, rectal pain
How to manage Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction?
Paracetamol
What are options for malaria prophylaxis?
Doxycycline
Mefloquine
What is schistosomiasis and how does it present? How is it managed?
Parasitic flatworm infection
Enters from water - from freshwater swimming
Initially presents with a swimmer’s itch
Can then lead to hepatosplenomegaly, RUQ pain
Chronic = haematuria + dysuria
Management = praziquantel
Chancroid vs. Chancre vs. LGV
Chancroid = painless ulcer, painless lymphadenopathy
Chancre= painful ulcer, painful lymphadenopathy
LGV= painless ulcer, painful lymphadenopathy
Chagas disease
x
How is leptospirosis managed?
Benzylpenicillin or Doxycycline
What is the incubation period of Salmonella and E.coli?
24-48 hrs
Which causes of gastroenteritis have an incubation period of more than 7 days?
Giardiasis
Amoebiasis
What is lymphogranuloma vereneum and how does it present?
Caused by chlamydia trachoma’s
However majority of patients will be HIV positive
Stage 1 = small painless ulcer
Stage 2 = painful inguinal lymphadenopathy
Stage 3 = Proctocolitis = Bloody bowel movements, rectal bleeding, abode pain, rectal pain
How does tetanus present? How is it managed?
Prodrome of fever, lethargy and headache Trismus (lock jaw) Risus sardonicus - muscles look like patient is grinning Spasms Arched back+hyperextended neck
Management = Metronidazole + supportive therapy.
How many tetanus doses are given in the UK vaccination schedule and when is the last one given?
5 doses, last one at around 13-18 years of age.
Who needs a tetanus booster? Who needs a tetanus booster AND tetanus immunoglobulin?
If last dose <10 yrs = no management needed
Full course but last dose <10 years ago..
Tetanus prone = booster
High risk = booster + immunoglobulins
Vaccine history incomplete/unknown
Everyone = booster
Tetanus prone/high risk = booster + immunoglobulin
What is dengue fever and how does it present?
Viral infection spread by mosquito
Retro-orbital headache Fever Maculopapualar rash Fasting flushing Myalgia
usually mild and self limiting.
How can severe dengue fever present?
Can cause thrombocytopenia (low platelets)
Spontaneous Bleeding
Still treated supportively - blood transfusions and fluids
What is typhoid fever and how does it present?
Bacterial infection caused by salmonella typhi - spread faeco-orally
Causes systemic upset
Relative bradycardia
Rose spot rash
Constipation is more common than diarrhoea in early stages
How is typhoid fever managed?
Ciprofloxacin
