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iCEV Plant Science > iCEV Plant Science Part 3 > Flashcards

iCEV Plant Science Part 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

plant pathogens which cause harm to plants

A

disease

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2
Q

organisms such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses

A

Living Agents

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3
Q

non-living organisms such as weather conditions, air pollution, and toxic chemicals

A

Non-living agents

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4
Q

disease producing agents which cause harm to other organisms

A

pathogens

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5
Q

single celled organisms including viruses, fungi and bacteria

A

microorganisms

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6
Q

taxonomic kingdom which included yeast, molds and smuts

A

fungi

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7
Q

single celled or non cellular microorganisms which lack chlorophyll and reproduce by fission

A

bacteria

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8
Q

small, infectious particles composed of a protein coat and a nucleic acid

A

viruses

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9
Q

fungus which produced a growth on the surface of damp and decaying organic matter

A

molds

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10
Q

diseases in plants caused by bacteria

A

bacterial diseases

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11
Q

any agent which destroys or prevents the growth of fungi

A

fungicides

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12
Q

small openings on the surface of leaves which allow for gasses and water to pass in and out of leaves

A

stomata

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13
Q

causes discoloration, wilting and death in plants

A

blights

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14
Q

process of plants drooping or shriveling due to lack of water

A

wilting

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15
Q

groups of macro-molecules which carry genetic information to control all cell function; in the form of DNA and various forms of RNA

A

nucleic acids

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16
Q

fungal disease mostly on woody plants which causes damage to the bark

A

cankers

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17
Q

smaller stem which attaches a leaf to the main stem

A

petiole

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18
Q

practice of growing different crops on the same land over a period of several growing seasons; aids in insect control and preservation of soil quality;ex: growing corn for two years, then switching to soybeans on the same land

A

crop rotation

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19
Q

stalk of a plant left in the ground after harvest

A

stubble

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20
Q

plants which are planted not for harvesting purposes, but to control soil erosion and weeds, as well as improve soil quality

A

cover crop

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21
Q

single celled reproductive structure of non-flowering plants, fungi and bacteria which develop into a new individual without sexual fusion

A

spores

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22
Q

where the stem of the plant meets the roots

A

crown

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23
Q

process of a seed sprouting and beginning to grow

A

germination

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24
Q

plants which are not deliberately planted; differ from a weed in that they can be encouraged to grow and not compete with the intended crop.

A

volunteer plant

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25
Q

method of irrigation which distributes water to plants through small tubes or pipes

A

drip irrigation

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26
Q

consists of organic material which covers the soil surface to retain moisture and enhance soil conditions

A

mulch

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27
Q

transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of a flower by insects or natural forces such as wind or rain

A

pollination

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28
Q

area of a stem which holds buds which grow into one or more leaves

A

node

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29
Q

is the tissue which conducts water and nutrients through the plant

A

vascular tissue

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30
Q

vascular tissue in plants which transports water and nutrients up the plant from the roots

A

xylem

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31
Q

loss of leaves

A

defoliation

32
Q

naturally occurring substances and microorganisms which control plant diseases

A

biofungicide

33
Q

layer of dead grass between actively growing grass and the soil surface

A

thatch

34
Q

process of adding a fine layer of soil to a lawn to gradually improve the quality of the soil.

A

top dress

35
Q

process of puncturing small holes in the ground to reduce soil compaction and pore space

A

aerate

36
Q

type of root which grows straight down into the soil to reach water

A

taproots

37
Q

collection of decaying plants, manure and organic matter which can be used later as a fertilizer

A

compost pile

38
Q

material used to cover plants, to protect the plants from harmful insects, while allowing plants to breathe and absorb moisture and sunlight

A

floating row cover

39
Q

part of the plant containing tiny cotton fibers which grow from newly formed seeds

A

cotton bolls

40
Q

immature form of an insect; often wormlike

A

larvae

41
Q

horizontal branch from the base of a plant which produces new plants from buds at its tips

A

stolon

42
Q

vascular tissue in plants which conducts food throughout the plant

A

phloem

43
Q

large bird in the crow family

A

yellow-billed magpie

44
Q

herbaceous flowering plant other than a grass

A

forbs

45
Q

young plant

A

seedling

46
Q

rodents

A

gnawing animals

47
Q

plant which germinates, flowers and dies within on year or growing season

A

annual

48
Q

plants which complete their life cycle in two growing seasons

A

biennial

49
Q

plants capable of living more than two years

A

perennial

50
Q

male reproductive organ of a flower which contains the filament and anther; produces the pollen

A

stamen

51
Q

portion of the stamen containing pollen

A

anthers

52
Q

grass-like plant which grows in wet places; has solid stems and narrow leaves

A

sedge

53
Q

organism which competes for resources or can be dangerous to another organisms’ health

A

pest

54
Q

any organism which lives on or inside another organism, as well as obtains nutrients from and is detrimental to the host organism

A

parasite

55
Q

members of the phylum arthropoda which have an exoskeleton, three body segments, three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and two antennae

A

insect

56
Q

primary subdivision of taxonomic classification; below kingdom and above class

A

phylum

57
Q

any organism which preys on other organisms

A

predator

58
Q

insects which chew holes in leaves and cause damage to plants; mouth-parts included mandible, maxilla and labium

A

chewing insects

59
Q

insects which insert piercing and sucking mouth-parts into leaves and suck juices causing damage to plants; mouth-parts include proboscis and style

A

sucking insects

60
Q

transformation of an organism from larva to adult stage

A

metamorphosis

61
Q

inactive stage of development between larva and adult stages

A

pupa

62
Q

silky envelope spun by the larvae of some insects to cover themselves during metamorphosis

A

cocoon

63
Q

larva of an insect with incomplete metamorphosis

A

nymph

64
Q

any organism possessing a spinal column composed of segmented bones known as vertebrae

A

vertebrate

65
Q

free-living or parasitic worms with elongated and rounded bodies; important decomposers in the soil

A

nematodes

66
Q

parasites which live outside the plant and move between rods

A

ectoparasite

67
Q

parasite which lives inside the host plant tissue

A

endoparasite

68
Q

any unwanted or undesirable plant which competes with desirable plants for nutrients, water and sunlight

A

weeds

69
Q

chemicals used to kill pests

A

pesticides

70
Q

chemicals used to kill insect

A

insecticides

71
Q

strategy used to control pests through the most economical process with the least amount of possible hazards to humans and the environment

A

integrated pest management

72
Q

middle region of an insects body; includes the prothorax, mesothorax and the metathroax

A

throacic body segment

73
Q

anterior part of an insect’s thorax containing the first pair of legs

A

prothorax

74
Q

middle segment of an insect’s thorax containing the middle pair of legs and the first pair of wings

A

mesothorax

75
Q

posterior segment of an insect’s throat containing the third pair of legs and the second pair of wings, if present

A

metathorax

76
Q

measurement of the total amount of a crop harvested, expressed as a ration of amount planted to amount harvested

A

crop yield

77
Q

to cut back or cut out any unwanted plant growth

A

prune

iCEV Plant Science (4 decks)

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