iCEV Plant Science Part 3

Question 1

plant pathogens which cause harm to plants

Answer 1

disease

Question 2

organisms such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses

Answer 2

Living Agents

Question 3

non-living organisms such as weather conditions, air pollution, and toxic chemicals

Answer 3

Non-living agents

Question 4

disease producing agents which cause harm to other organisms

Answer 4

pathogens

Question 5

single celled organisms including viruses, fungi and bacteria

Answer 5

microorganisms

Question 6

taxonomic kingdom which included yeast, molds and smuts

Answer 6

fungi

Question 7

single celled or non cellular microorganisms which lack chlorophyll and reproduce by fission

Answer 7

bacteria

Question 8

small, infectious particles composed of a protein coat and a nucleic acid

Answer 8

viruses

Question 9

fungus which produced a growth on the surface of damp and decaying organic matter

Answer 9

molds

Question 10

diseases in plants caused by bacteria

Answer 10

bacterial diseases

Question 11

any agent which destroys or prevents the growth of fungi

Answer 11

fungicides

Question 12

small openings on the surface of leaves which allow for gasses and water to pass in and out of leaves

Answer 12

stomata

Question 13

causes discoloration, wilting and death in plants

Answer 13

blights

Question 14

process of plants drooping or shriveling due to lack of water

Answer 14

wilting

Question 15

groups of macro-molecules which carry genetic information to control all cell function; in the form of DNA and various forms of RNA

Answer 15

nucleic acids

Question 16

fungal disease mostly on woody plants which causes damage to the bark

Answer 16

cankers

Question 17

smaller stem which attaches a leaf to the main stem

Answer 17

petiole

Question 18

practice of growing different crops on the same land over a period of several growing seasons; aids in insect control and preservation of soil quality;ex: growing corn for two years, then switching to soybeans on the same land

Answer 18

crop rotation

Question 19

stalk of a plant left in the ground after harvest

Answer 19

stubble

Question 20

plants which are planted not for harvesting purposes, but to control soil erosion and weeds, as well as improve soil quality

Answer 20

cover crop

Question 21

single celled reproductive structure of non-flowering plants, fungi and bacteria which develop into a new individual without sexual fusion

Answer 21

spores

Question 22

where the stem of the plant meets the roots

Answer 22

crown

Question 23

process of a seed sprouting and beginning to grow

Answer 23

germination

Question 24

plants which are not deliberately planted; differ from a weed in that they can be encouraged to grow and not compete with the intended crop.

Answer 24

volunteer plant

Question 25

method of irrigation which distributes water to plants through small tubes or pipes

Answer 25

drip irrigation

Question 26

consists of organic material which covers the soil surface to retain moisture and enhance soil conditions

Answer 26

mulch

Question 27

transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of a flower by insects or natural forces such as wind or rain

Answer 27

pollination

Question 28

area of a stem which holds buds which grow into one or more leaves

Answer 28

node

Question 29

is the tissue which conducts water and nutrients through the plant

Answer 29

vascular tissue

Question 30

vascular tissue in plants which transports water and nutrients up the plant from the roots

Answer 30

xylem

Question 31

loss of leaves

Answer 31

defoliation

Question 32

naturally occurring substances and microorganisms which control plant diseases

Answer 32

biofungicide

Question 33

layer of dead grass between actively growing grass and the soil surface

Answer 33

thatch

Question 34

process of adding a fine layer of soil to a lawn to gradually improve the quality of the soil.

Answer 34

top dress

Question 35

process of puncturing small holes in the ground to reduce soil compaction and pore space

Answer 35

aerate

Question 36

type of root which grows straight down into the soil to reach water

Answer 36

taproots

Question 37

collection of decaying plants, manure and organic matter which can be used later as a fertilizer

Answer 37

compost pile

Question 38

material used to cover plants, to protect the plants from harmful insects, while allowing plants to breathe and absorb moisture and sunlight

Answer 38

floating row cover

Question 39

part of the plant containing tiny cotton fibers which grow from newly formed seeds

Answer 39

cotton bolls

Question 40

immature form of an insect; often wormlike

Answer 40

larvae

Question 41

horizontal branch from the base of a plant which produces new plants from buds at its tips

Answer 41

stolon

Question 42

vascular tissue in plants which conducts food throughout the plant

Answer 42

phloem

Question 43

large bird in the crow family

Answer 43

yellow-billed magpie

Question 44

herbaceous flowering plant other than a grass

Answer 44

forbs

Question 45

young plant

Answer 45

seedling

Question 46

rodents

Answer 46

gnawing animals

Question 47

plant which germinates, flowers and dies within on year or growing season

Answer 47

annual

Question 48

plants which complete their life cycle in two growing seasons

Answer 48

biennial

Question 49

plants capable of living more than two years

Answer 49

perennial

Question 50

male reproductive organ of a flower which contains the filament and anther; produces the pollen

Answer 50

stamen

Question 51

portion of the stamen containing pollen

Answer 51

anthers

Question 52

grass-like plant which grows in wet places; has solid stems and narrow leaves

Answer 52

sedge

Question 53

organism which competes for resources or can be dangerous to another organisms' health

Answer 53

pest

Question 54

any organism which lives on or inside another organism, as well as obtains nutrients from and is detrimental to the host organism

Answer 54

parasite

Question 55

members of the phylum arthropoda which have an exoskeleton, three body segments, three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and two antennae

Answer 55

insect

Question 56

primary subdivision of taxonomic classification; below kingdom and above class

Answer 56

phylum

Question 57

any organism which preys on other organisms

Answer 57

predator

Question 58

insects which chew holes in leaves and cause damage to plants; mouth-parts included mandible, maxilla and labium

Answer 58

chewing insects

Question 59

insects which insert piercing and sucking mouth-parts into leaves and suck juices causing damage to plants; mouth-parts include proboscis and style

Answer 59

sucking insects

Question 60

transformation of an organism from larva to adult stage

Answer 60

metamorphosis

Question 61

inactive stage of development between larva and adult stages

Answer 61

pupa

Question 62

silky envelope spun by the larvae of some insects to cover themselves during metamorphosis

Answer 62

cocoon

Question 63

larva of an insect with incomplete metamorphosis

Answer 63

nymph

Question 64

any organism possessing a spinal column composed of segmented bones known as vertebrae

Answer 64

vertebrate

Question 65

free-living or parasitic worms with elongated and rounded bodies; important decomposers in the soil

Answer 65

nematodes

Question 66

parasites which live outside the plant and move between rods

Answer 66

ectoparasite

Question 67

parasite which lives inside the host plant tissue

Answer 67

endoparasite

Question 68

any unwanted or undesirable plant which competes with desirable plants for nutrients, water and sunlight

Answer 68

weeds

Question 69

chemicals used to kill pests

Answer 69

pesticides

Question 70

chemicals used to kill insect

Answer 70

insecticides

Question 71

strategy used to control pests through the most economical process with the least amount of possible hazards to humans and the environment

Answer 71

integrated pest management

Question 72

middle region of an insects body; includes the prothorax, mesothorax and the metathroax

Answer 72

throacic body segment

Question 73

anterior part of an insect's thorax containing the first pair of legs

Answer 73

prothorax

Question 74

middle segment of an insect's thorax containing the middle pair of legs and the first pair of wings

Answer 74

mesothorax

Question 75

posterior segment of an insect's throat containing the third pair of legs and the second pair of wings, if present

Answer 75

metathorax

Question 76

measurement of the total amount of a crop harvested, expressed as a ration of amount planted to amount harvested

Answer 76

crop yield

Question 77

to cut back or cut out any unwanted plant growth

Answer 77

prune