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iCEV Plant Science > iCEV Plant Science Part 1 > Flashcards

iCEV Plant Science Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

specialized part of a cell which has a specific function

A

organelle

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2
Q

adenosine triphosphate, the molecule which provides the energy in the cells of all living things

A

ATP

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3
Q

structure of nucleic acids and proteins which carries genetic information in the form of genes

A

chromosome

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4
Q

proteins which assist chemical reactions in living cells

A

enzymes

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5
Q

flowering plants with two seed cotyledons

A

dicotyledons (dicot)

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6
Q

trees which bear cones and need-like or scale-like leaves

A

confiers

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7
Q

flowering plants with only one seed cotyledon

A

monocots

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8
Q

mature male or female sex cell which is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction

A

gamete

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9
Q

embryos with two cotyledons

A

dicots

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10
Q

a group of plants which are selected for desirable traits and are maintained through propagation

A

cultivar

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11
Q

short, fleshy undergrounds stem which is enlarged to store nutrients

A

tuber

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12
Q

process of converting light energy to chemical energy and storing it as food

A

photosynthesis

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13
Q

evaporation of water into the atmosphere from the stems and leaves of plants

A

transpiration

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14
Q

study of the movement, distribution and quality of water on Earth

A

hydrology

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15
Q

study of Earth’s physical structure and substance

A

geology

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16
Q

strand of conducting vessels in the stems or leaves of plants

A

vascular bundles

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17
Q

thickening of roots and stems by cell division in the vascular cambium

A

secondary growth

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18
Q

part of the plant embryo which develops from the primary root

A

radicle

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19
Q

diploid stage in the life cycle of plants which produces haploid spores through meiosis

A

sporophyte stage

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20
Q

haploid stage in the life cycle of plants which produces haploid gametes through mitosis

A

gametophyte

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21
Q

large strengthened vein on the midline of a leaf

A

midrib

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22
Q

stalk which joins a leaf and stem

A

petiole

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23
Q

plants develop adaptive phenotypic characteristics due to changes in the environment

A

Phenotypic plasticity

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24
Q

person or people who determined the name for a plant

A

authority

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25
Q

thin layer of delicate tissue separating the xylem and phloem which induces secondary growth

A

vascular cambium

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26
Q

end wall which is perforated with pores

A

sieve plate

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27
Q

chemical product of photsynthesis

A

photosynthate

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28
Q

series of openings which facilitate gas exchange between inner parts of plant organs

A

stomata

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29
Q

process of converting light energy to chemical energy and storing it in the bonds of sugar

A

photosynthesis

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30
Q

ordered set of events resultin gin cell growth and division into two daughter cells

A

The Cell Cycle

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31
Q

phase of the cell cycle in which a cell spends the majority of its time and performs most of its normal functions in preparation for cell division

A

interphase

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32
Q

also knows as G1 phase; phase in which the cells grows, carries out protein synthesis and performs other cellular functions

A

Gap 1 Phase

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33
Q

also known as S phase; phase in which th ecell replicates its DNA

A

synthesis phase

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34
Q

also known as G2 phase; growth phase which allows cells to continue to carry out normal functions and continue growing

A

Gap 2 phase

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35
Q

also known as M phase; process by which new cells are created and results in two daughter nuclei, each with genetic material identical to each other and the mother cell

A

mitosis

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36
Q

first stage of mitosis

A

prophase

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37
Q

single piece of coiled DNA which contains many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences

A

chromosome

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38
Q

area in the cell where microtubules are produced

A

centrosome

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39
Q

fibers which form during mitosis and segregate chromosomes between daughter cells during cell division

A

mitotic spindle

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40
Q

one copy of a duplicated chromosome which is usually joined to the other copy by a centromere

A

chromatid

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41
Q

region of DNA typically found in the center of a chromosome which links two sister chromatids

A

centromere

42
Q

second stage of mitosis

43
Q

third stage of mitosis

44
Q

fourth stage of mitosis

45
Q

process which occurs after mitosis where the cell splits and two daughter cells are created, each with on nucleus

A

cytokinesis

46
Q

process by which a plant grows from a seed

A

germination

47
Q

tissue produced inside the seeds of most flowering plants which surrounds the embryo and provides nutrition in the form of starch, oils an protein

48
Q

first embryonic leaf (leaves) of a seedling which emerge at the time of a germination

49
Q

first root of the plant which elongates during germination and forms the primary room

50
Q

process by which a cell releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

A

respiration

51
Q

also known as turgidity; pressure which occurs when the water located inside the cells begins to expand, pushing on the cell membranes

A

turgor pressure

52
Q

pores found on the surface of plant structures which control the exchange of gas and water

53
Q

organic compounds produced within the plant

A

phytohormone

54
Q

natural or synthetic organic compound which modifies or controls one or more specific physiological processes within plant

A

Plant growth regulator

55
Q

control of the short tip over axillary bud outgrowth which allows a plant to grow upward more than it grows outward

A

apical dominance

56
Q

growth of plants in response to light

A

phototropism

57
Q

condition or process of aging

A

senescence

58
Q

movement of dissolved substances from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentrations

59
Q

diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration

60
Q

membrane which allows water molecules, but not solute molecules, to pass

A

semipermeable membrane

61
Q

solute concentration is lower outside of the cell than inside

A

hypotonic solution

62
Q

solute concentration is greater outside the cell than inside

A

hypertonic solution

63
Q

plant cell which is limp through a reduction of pressure inside the cell

64
Q

process in which cells lose water in a hypertonic solution

A

plasmolysis

65
Q

solute concentration is the same on either side of the cell membrane and results in incipient plasmolysis

A

isotonic solution

66
Q

connective, functionally supportive framework of a biological cell, tissue or organ

67
Q

metabolic pathway found in the stroma of the chloroplast in which carbon enters in the form of CO2 and leaves in the form of sugar

A

calvin cycle

68
Q

membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells which generate most of the cell’s supply of ATP which is used as energy

A

mitochondria

69
Q

compound formed as a result of glycolosis

70
Q

loss or evaporation of water from plant leaves through stomata

A

transpiration

71
Q

specialized cells which help regulate the regulate the rate of transpiration by opening and closing the stomata

A

guard cells

72
Q

fusion of gametes or of their nuclei in reproduction

73
Q

join plants by insertion or by placing in close contact

74
Q

part of the stem from which a leaf, branch or root grows

75
Q

part of the plant stem between nodes

76
Q

loose membranous outer covering

77
Q

having a par of each type of chromosome; chromosome number is doubled

A

diploid cell

78
Q

having a single set of chromosomes

A

haploid cell

79
Q

process by which cells generate new proteins

A

protein synthesis

80
Q

where microtubules are produced

A

centrosome

81
Q

protein structures which move chromosome through the cell

A

spindle fibers

82
Q

two strands into which a chromosome divides during cell division

83
Q

two identical copies of a single chromosome which are connected by centromeres

A

sister chromatid

84
Q

region of the chromosome where microtubules attach

A

centromere

85
Q

cytoplasmic division of a cell which results in two daughter cells

A

cytokinesis

86
Q

chromosome pairs, one from each parent which are similar in length, gene position and centromere location

A

homologous chromosomes

87
Q

random exchange of genes which results in a mixture of parental characteristics in offpsirng

A

crossin gover

88
Q

pair of homologous chromosomes

89
Q

transports sucrose and other dissolved solids around the plant

A

sieve tube

90
Q

destruction of cells from the inside out

91
Q

decomposition of a chemical compound by reaction with water

A

hydrolysis

92
Q

genes which regulate how body parts are formed and in what location

A

homeotic genes

93
Q

sexual form of a plant in alteration of generations

A

gametophyte

94
Q

asexual form of a plant in the alteration of generations

A

sporophyte

95
Q

refers to the passage of genetic code from parents to offspring

96
Q

small synthetic organic compound

A

acrylamide

97
Q

a gene or genetic material from one plant which has been placed in another

98
Q

having the ability to differentiate into all cell types

A

topipotent

99
Q

activity of getting rid of vermin

A

disinfested

100
Q

plant growth regulator which promotes shoot formation from growing plant cells

101
Q

heritable genetic characteristics of an organism

102
Q

physical or psychological characteristics of an organism

iCEV Plant Science (4 decks)

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