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iCEV Plant Science > iCEV Plant Science Part 2 > Flashcards

iCEV Plant Science Part 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

process of producing new plants by seeds, cuttings or other techniques

A

propagation

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2
Q

system which transports water and nutrients throughout the plant

A

vascular system

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3
Q

the sprouting and growing of a plant from seeds

A

germination

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4
Q

diffusion of water molecules from a place of higher concentration to a lower concentration through a semi-permeable membrane

A

osmosis

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5
Q

specialized organelle which contains chlorphyll

A

chloroplast

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6
Q

green pigment which captures light energy in plants; located in the chloroplasts

A

chlorophyll

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7
Q

the alteration of a protein shape through some form of external stress

A

denaturation

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8
Q

fungus which forms a mutualistic relationship with the roots of plants to allow better absorption in the roots

A

mycorrhizae

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9
Q

single layer of cells which regulates the flow of water between the central stele of roots from the outer layers

A

endodermis

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10
Q

primarily transports water from the roots to the leaves; dead part of the vascular system

A

xylem

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11
Q

primarily transports sugars and amino acids; living part of the vascular system

A

phloem

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12
Q

located in the phloem; transports sucrose and other dissolved solids around the plant

A

sieve tube

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13
Q

a simple sugar formed during photosynthesis to provide food for th eplant

A

glucose

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14
Q

plant hormone which stimulates cell elongation in the stem; involved in: root initiation, vascular differentiation, tropic responses and development of plant parts

A

auxins

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15
Q

interconnected network of fibrous protein which determines cell shape, organization of cytoplasm and growth and differentiation in cell division

A

cyoskelton

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16
Q

yellowing due to loss of chrlorphyss

A

chlorosis

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17
Q

long bladed leaves of plants; particularly palm tree leaves

A

palm fronds

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18
Q

leaves are in a circular arrangement and close together; internodes are shortened

A

rosette leaves

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19
Q

to improve and prepare land for raising crops by plowing or fertilizing

A

cultivate

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20
Q

process of observing plants based on characteristics related to general health, physiology and reproduction

A

plant evaluation

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21
Q

utilized for stability and nutrient transport

A

stems

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22
Q

apparatuses which provide the ability for plants to sexually reproduce

A

flowers and seeds

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23
Q

products of plant reproduction often used to transport seeds

A

fruits

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24
Q

process of plants utilizing various physiological characteristics depending on the needs created by their environment

A

adaptation

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25
Q

healthy plants free of damage and able to produce valuable fruits and seeds

A

high quality plants

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26
Q

plants with normal pigmentation and little or no abnormalities

A

healthy plants

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27
Q

plants with obvious physical problems which may include missing leaves, bent stems or missing buds

A

damaged plants

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28
Q

foundation for plant development; soil is the necessary medium for nutrient distribution, water and chemicals consumption, and plant stability; including physical chemical and biological factors`

A

soil health

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29
Q

mixture of sand, silt and clay

A

loam

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30
Q

include local temperatures, terrain and tillage practices

A

physical soil factors

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31
Q

include availability of nutrients and the supplementation of these nutrients by producers looking to improve yields.

A

chemical soil factors

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32
Q

factors which influence soil by contributing negatively or positively to issues with pests, weeds, and environmental

A

biological soil factors

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33
Q

frozen rain; comes in a variety of sizes and damages plants when it falls and strikes the plant, often removing buds

A

hail

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34
Q

damages plants by causing cell damage and death, and by shutting down cell functions

A

freezes

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35
Q

damage plants by interrupting photosynthesis

A

high temperatures

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36
Q

result of abnormally high temperatures

A

heat stress

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37
Q

damage plants by causing a restriction of nutriens and oxygen

A

floods

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38
Q

damage plants by burning them

A

lightning and fires

39
Q

presence of rapid cell death with other complications, including lesions

A

necrosis

40
Q

large array of insects and animals, ranging from deer to spider mites

A

pests

41
Q

small and slender insects with use sharp mouth parts to pierce plant parts

A

aphids

42
Q

commonly a nuisance for vegetable plants, among many others, pierce plant parts with sharp mouthparts and extract juices valuable to the plant.

A

hoppers, spittlebugs

43
Q

larva of moths, which cause damage to crops and vegetables

A

caterpillars

44
Q

commonly a nuisance to fruit plants, among many others

A

magots

45
Q

tiny insects which use sharp mouth parts to damage plants, leaving clumps of small black waster on the areas they live and fee on

A

thrips

46
Q

any plant which interferes with management practices, aesthetics, or beneficial plants is considered a week, and is not welcome in crop fields or gardens

A

week

47
Q

caused by environmental and cultural conditions; these conditions cause disorders in plants because they alter the natural circumstances in which plants generally exist

A

physiological disorders

48
Q

shortage or excess of certain nutrients nd chemicals

A

nutrient deficiency

49
Q

may resemble potassium deficiency; leaves show the most signs of damage with weak and pale spots in many areas

A

magnesium deficiency

50
Q

leaves with become increasingly pale on the entire surface area; applying nitrogen directly to deficient plants will generally show positive results

A

nitrogen deficiency

51
Q

will cause wiling in older leaves, with interveinal chlorosis occurring at the base of the plant and spreading if left untreated

A

potassium deficiency

52
Q

reveals very few symptoms to the blind eye, aside from some smaller light brown spots; if the plants are much smaller than average this deficiency may be the cause

A

phosphorus deficiency

53
Q

known to kill plant leaves and rot them from the inside out if left untreated

A

blight

54
Q

type of fungal disease which can rot plants; most often they affect trees and plants with woody features

A

cankers

55
Q

affect many plants and can start on almost any part of the plant; caused by several different varieties of bacteria fungi

A

rots

56
Q

type of fungal disease which can cause serious damage if untreated; rusts often produce a rust colored and powdery coating on leaves and other part of the plant

A

rusts

57
Q

caused by lack of water

A

wilts

58
Q

taken by professionals and producers to improve efficiency and crop out put

A

soil samples

59
Q

crops harmed by frost and which grow best at temperatures above 70F

A

warm season crops

60
Q

crops which grow best at temperatures between 60F and 65F

A

cool season crops

61
Q

crops grown primarily to provide feed for livestock

A

forage crops

62
Q

crops other than fresh fruits or vegetables grown for agricultural purposes

A

field crops

63
Q

land use related to production of crops or livestock

A

agricultural purposes

64
Q

crops grown for their fibers to make paper, cloth or rope

A

fiber crops

65
Q

crops planted in rows far enough apart to allow operation of machinery between rows

A

row crops

66
Q

commodities, such as raw materials and agricultural products, sold to other countries

A

export

67
Q

biological classification which describes a single kind of plant with certain characteristics separating it form others

A

crop species

68
Q

food production which avoids the use the biocides and synthetic fertilizers

A

organic agriculture

69
Q

use of automatic or controlled systems to apply water to soil

A

irrigation

70
Q

markets which sell products directly to the consumer; example, farm produce stands

A

direct market

71
Q

process of harvesting and planting crops without tilling

A

no-till farming

72
Q

farming technique of growing crops perpendicular to a slope instead of parallels to the slope to utilize run-off to lower lands

A

contour farming

73
Q

system of annually rotating crops on a specific piece of land to maintain soil fertility

A

crop rotation

74
Q

crops grown in the off season to prevent erosion and enrich the soil

A

cover crops

75
Q

type of tobacco preserved with artificial heat

A

flue-cured

76
Q

method of planting seeds by using a seed drill to place seeds directly in the soil at a specific space and depth to conserve water

A

drill seeding

77
Q

rainfall dependent farming method which does not utilize irrigation

A

dry land farming

78
Q

production of plants without a soil medium; utilizes only water, sunlight an dnutrients

A

hydroponics

79
Q

needed by plants in large quantities; includes nitrogen, potassium and sulfur

A

macro nutrients

80
Q

needed by plants in small quantities, includes boron, copper and iron

A

micro nutrients

81
Q

material used for the support and stability of hydroponic plants; includes sand, gravel, peat moss and sawdust

A

artificial growing media

82
Q

utilizes only nutrient infused water and system structures to produce plants

A

aquaculture systems

83
Q

process of circulating air throughout a substance

A

aeration

84
Q

utilizes aggregate as a support medium for plants; utilizes flooding techniques which reduce water usage and drain afterwards, allowing the roots to aerate

A

aggregate systems

85
Q

most often in the form of sand or gravel

A

aggregate

86
Q

aggregate system which utilizes gravity to provide nutrient solutions to plant roots

A

gravity feed systems

87
Q

aggregate system which utilizes gravity to provide nutrient solutions to plant roots; manual operation is needed ot drain used nutrient solutions

A

manual gravity feed systems

88
Q

pumps a nutrient solution into aggregate beds from a reservoir most often located below the aggregate bed

A

sub irrigation systems

89
Q

hydroponic systems with containers holding growing roots and watered using misters

A

aeroponic systems

90
Q

hydroponic system with continuous flow of nutrient solutions over the plant roots; are the most common hydroponic systems utilized by commercial producers

A

continuous flow systems

91
Q

continuous flow system which use flexible plastic tubing supported by wooden trays to hold plants and provide a continuous flow of nutrient solutions

A

nutrient film technique systems

92
Q

continuous flow system which uses mesh tubing with vertical inserts filled with peat moss to hold plants and provide a continuous flow of nutrient solutions

A

pipe dream systems

93
Q

plants with the feasibility to grow hydropnically

A

hydroponic plants

iCEV Plant Science (4 decks)

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