iCEV Plant Science Part 2

Question 1

process of producing new plants by seeds, cuttings or other techniques

Answer 1

propagation

Question 2

system which transports water and nutrients throughout the plant

Answer 2

vascular system

Question 3

the sprouting and growing of a plant from seeds

Answer 3

germination

Question 4

diffusion of water molecules from a place of higher concentration to a lower concentration through a semi-permeable membrane

Answer 4

osmosis

Question 5

specialized organelle which contains chlorphyll

Answer 5

chloroplast

Question 6

green pigment which captures light energy in plants; located in the chloroplasts

Answer 6

chlorophyll

Question 7

the alteration of a protein shape through some form of external stress

Answer 7

denaturation

Question 8

fungus which forms a mutualistic relationship with the roots of plants to allow better absorption in the roots

Answer 8

mycorrhizae

Question 9

single layer of cells which regulates the flow of water between the central stele of roots from the outer layers

Answer 9

endodermis

Question 10

primarily transports water from the roots to the leaves; dead part of the vascular system

Answer 10

xylem

Question 11

primarily transports sugars and amino acids; living part of the vascular system

Answer 11

phloem

Question 12

located in the phloem; transports sucrose and other dissolved solids around the plant

Answer 12

sieve tube

Question 13

a simple sugar formed during photosynthesis to provide food for th eplant

Answer 13

glucose

Question 14

plant hormone which stimulates cell elongation in the stem; involved in: root initiation, vascular differentiation, tropic responses and development of plant parts

Answer 14

auxins

Question 15

interconnected network of fibrous protein which determines cell shape, organization of cytoplasm and growth and differentiation in cell division

Answer 15

cyoskelton

Question 16

yellowing due to loss of chrlorphyss

Answer 16

chlorosis

Question 17

long bladed leaves of plants; particularly palm tree leaves

Answer 17

palm fronds

Question 18

leaves are in a circular arrangement and close together; internodes are shortened

Answer 18

rosette leaves

Question 19

to improve and prepare land for raising crops by plowing or fertilizing

Answer 19

cultivate

Question 20

process of observing plants based on characteristics related to general health, physiology and reproduction

Answer 20

plant evaluation

Question 21

utilized for stability and nutrient transport

Answer 21

stems

Question 22

apparatuses which provide the ability for plants to sexually reproduce

Answer 22

flowers and seeds

Question 23

products of plant reproduction often used to transport seeds

Answer 23

fruits

Question 24

process of plants utilizing various physiological characteristics depending on the needs created by their environment

Answer 24

adaptation

Question 25

healthy plants free of damage and able to produce valuable fruits and seeds

Answer 25

high quality plants

Question 26

plants with normal pigmentation and little or no abnormalities

Answer 26

healthy plants

Question 27

plants with obvious physical problems which may include missing leaves, bent stems or missing buds

Answer 27

damaged plants

Question 28

foundation for plant development; soil is the necessary medium for nutrient distribution, water and chemicals consumption, and plant stability; including physical chemical and biological factors`

Answer 28

soil health

Question 29

mixture of sand, silt and clay

Answer 29

loam

Question 30

include local temperatures, terrain and tillage practices

Answer 30

physical soil factors

Question 31

include availability of nutrients and the supplementation of these nutrients by producers looking to improve yields.

Answer 31

chemical soil factors

Question 32

factors which influence soil by contributing negatively or positively to issues with pests, weeds, and environmental

Answer 32

biological soil factors

Question 33

frozen rain; comes in a variety of sizes and damages plants when it falls and strikes the plant, often removing buds

Answer 33

hail

Question 34

damages plants by causing cell damage and death, and by shutting down cell functions

Answer 34

freezes

Question 35

damage plants by interrupting photosynthesis

Answer 35

high temperatures

Question 36

result of abnormally high temperatures

Answer 36

heat stress

Question 37

damage plants by causing a restriction of nutriens and oxygen

Answer 37

floods

Question 38

damage plants by burning them

Answer 38

lightning and fires

Question 39

presence of rapid cell death with other complications, including lesions

Answer 39

necrosis

Question 40

large array of insects and animals, ranging from deer to spider mites

Answer 40

pests

Question 41

small and slender insects with use sharp mouth parts to pierce plant parts

Answer 41

aphids

Question 42

commonly a nuisance for vegetable plants, among many others, pierce plant parts with sharp mouthparts and extract juices valuable to the plant.

Answer 42

hoppers, spittlebugs

Question 43

larva of moths, which cause damage to crops and vegetables

Answer 43

caterpillars

Question 44

commonly a nuisance to fruit plants, among many others

Answer 44

magots

Question 45

tiny insects which use sharp mouth parts to damage plants, leaving clumps of small black waster on the areas they live and fee on

Answer 45

thrips

Question 46

any plant which interferes with management practices, aesthetics, or beneficial plants is considered a week, and is not welcome in crop fields or gardens

Answer 46

week

Question 47

caused by environmental and cultural conditions; these conditions cause disorders in plants because they alter the natural circumstances in which plants generally exist

Answer 47

physiological disorders

Question 48

shortage or excess of certain nutrients nd chemicals

Answer 48

nutrient deficiency

Question 49

may resemble potassium deficiency; leaves show the most signs of damage with weak and pale spots in many areas

Answer 49

magnesium deficiency

Question 50

leaves with become increasingly pale on the entire surface area; applying nitrogen directly to deficient plants will generally show positive results

Answer 50

nitrogen deficiency

Question 51

will cause wiling in older leaves, with interveinal chlorosis occurring at the base of the plant and spreading if left untreated

Answer 51

potassium deficiency

Question 52

reveals very few symptoms to the blind eye, aside from some smaller light brown spots; if the plants are much smaller than average this deficiency may be the cause

Answer 52

phosphorus deficiency

Question 53

known to kill plant leaves and rot them from the inside out if left untreated

Answer 53

blight

Question 54

type of fungal disease which can rot plants; most often they affect trees and plants with woody features

Answer 54

cankers

Question 55

affect many plants and can start on almost any part of the plant; caused by several different varieties of bacteria fungi

Answer 55

rots

Question 56

type of fungal disease which can cause serious damage if untreated; rusts often produce a rust colored and powdery coating on leaves and other part of the plant

Answer 56

rusts

Question 57

caused by lack of water

Answer 57

wilts

Question 58

taken by professionals and producers to improve efficiency and crop out put

Answer 58

soil samples

Question 59

crops harmed by frost and which grow best at temperatures above 70F

Answer 59

warm season crops

Question 60

crops which grow best at temperatures between 60F and 65F

Answer 60

cool season crops

Question 61

crops grown primarily to provide feed for livestock

Answer 61

forage crops

Question 62

crops other than fresh fruits or vegetables grown for agricultural purposes

Answer 62

field crops

Question 63

land use related to production of crops or livestock

Answer 63

agricultural purposes

Question 64

crops grown for their fibers to make paper, cloth or rope

Answer 64

fiber crops

Question 65

crops planted in rows far enough apart to allow operation of machinery between rows

Answer 65

row crops

Question 66

commodities, such as raw materials and agricultural products, sold to other countries

Answer 66

export

Question 67

biological classification which describes a single kind of plant with certain characteristics separating it form others

Answer 67

crop species

Question 68

food production which avoids the use the biocides and synthetic fertilizers

Answer 68

organic agriculture

Question 69

use of automatic or controlled systems to apply water to soil

Answer 69

irrigation

Question 70

markets which sell products directly to the consumer; example, farm produce stands

Answer 70

direct market

Question 71

process of harvesting and planting crops without tilling

Answer 71

no-till farming

Question 72

farming technique of growing crops perpendicular to a slope instead of parallels to the slope to utilize run-off to lower lands

Answer 72

contour farming

Question 73

system of annually rotating crops on a specific piece of land to maintain soil fertility

Answer 73

crop rotation

Question 74

crops grown in the off season to prevent erosion and enrich the soil

Answer 74

cover crops

Question 75

type of tobacco preserved with artificial heat

Answer 75

flue-cured

Question 76

method of planting seeds by using a seed drill to place seeds directly in the soil at a specific space and depth to conserve water

Answer 76

drill seeding

Question 77

rainfall dependent farming method which does not utilize irrigation

Answer 77

dry land farming

Question 78

production of plants without a soil medium; utilizes only water, sunlight an dnutrients

Answer 78

hydroponics

Question 79

needed by plants in large quantities; includes nitrogen, potassium and sulfur

Answer 79

macro nutrients

Question 80

needed by plants in small quantities, includes boron, copper and iron

Answer 80

micro nutrients

Question 81

material used for the support and stability of hydroponic plants; includes sand, gravel, peat moss and sawdust

Answer 81

artificial growing media

Question 82

utilizes only nutrient infused water and system structures to produce plants

Answer 82

aquaculture systems

Question 83

process of circulating air throughout a substance

Answer 83

aeration

Question 84

utilizes aggregate as a support medium for plants; utilizes flooding techniques which reduce water usage and drain afterwards, allowing the roots to aerate

Answer 84

aggregate systems

Question 85

most often in the form of sand or gravel

Answer 85

aggregate

Question 86

aggregate system which utilizes gravity to provide nutrient solutions to plant roots

Answer 86

gravity feed systems

Question 87

aggregate system which utilizes gravity to provide nutrient solutions to plant roots; manual operation is needed ot drain used nutrient solutions

Answer 87

manual gravity feed systems

Question 88

pumps a nutrient solution into aggregate beds from a reservoir most often located below the aggregate bed

Answer 88

sub irrigation systems

Question 89

hydroponic systems with containers holding growing roots and watered using misters

Answer 89

aeroponic systems

Question 90

hydroponic system with continuous flow of nutrient solutions over the plant roots; are the most common hydroponic systems utilized by commercial producers

Answer 90

continuous flow systems

Question 91

continuous flow system which use flexible plastic tubing supported by wooden trays to hold plants and provide a continuous flow of nutrient solutions

Answer 91

nutrient film technique systems

Question 92

continuous flow system which uses mesh tubing with vertical inserts filled with peat moss to hold plants and provide a continuous flow of nutrient solutions

Answer 92

pipe dream systems

Question 93

plants with the feasibility to grow hydropnically

Answer 93

hydroponic plants