Ice

Question 1

What Classes of ice ship?

Answer 1

Cat A- At least 1st year medium Ice.

Cat B- Thin 1st year ice

Cat C- Ice conditions less severe than A/B

Question 2

Issues when navigating in Ice?

Answer 2

Headlands no longer visible.
Appear longer than they actually are.
Radar targets may be masked.
Beacons and Mav marks partially / totally obscured.
White lights appear to extend their width.
Consulted PWOM (ship specific capabilities in ice)

Question 3

Preparations for heading to a polar region?

Answer 3

Polar code certified if operating in polar region.

Specially trained watch keepers

Question 4

Consideration when passage planning for ice?

Answer 4

Point of entering must be chosen carefully.
Preferably in an area with low concentration of Ice.
Low speed.
Engines on standby.
Extra lookouts.
Obtain latest ice info from Ice pilots - Baltic Canadian,

Time of year
Speed
Ice accretion
Extra lookouts
Ice breaking services
Class of ship
Consult polar
Ships routing charts

Question 5

Special equipment for sailing in ice?

Answer 5

ICE
Immersion suits.
Clothing - thermal
Enclosed or partially enclosed life boats.

Question 6

ICE MAN

Answer 6

Immersions suits
Clothing - adequate
Enclosed lifeboats

Manuals PWOM
Anchoring - protect all equipment.
Navigation - speed ice accretion