IC2 Sentence Structures Flashcards
A跟（和）B一样
A is the same as B
A跟（和）B不一样
A is different from B
A跟（和）B一样 + Adj。
A is as ____ as B
A + 比 + B + Adj
A>B: A is more “adj” than B , A is “adj+er” than B
EX：昨天比今天冷
A + 比 + B + 更/还 + Adj
Both A and B can be described by the adj, but A is in higher degree
EX: 昨天冷，今天比昨天还冷。
A + 比 + B + Adj + 多了
A + 比 + B + Adj + 得多
A>B much more
A + 比 + B + Adj + 一点儿
A>B a little more
EX：北京的冬天比巴尔的摩冷一点儿
The two functions of 了
- To indicate the occurrence or completion of an action or event.
EX：昨天晚上我去跳舞了。
EX：妈妈今天做了很多菜。
EX：明天我吃了晚饭去看电影。 - To indicate a change of status or the realization of a new situation.
EX: 下雨了。
It’s raining. (Weather has changed)
EX: 我有女朋友了。
I have a girlfriend now. （I didn’t have one
before.)
EX: 我不想买这件衬衫了，因为我没钱了。
I don’t want to buy this shirt because I am
out of money. (I wanted to buy it when I still
had the money.)
The two functions of 会
- To indicate someone’s ability to do something. This ability is usually acquired through learning.
EX: 我会说一点儿中文。
EX: 妹妹不会游泳。 - To indicate an anticipated event or action.
EX:It will be raining tomorrow.
明天会下雨。
EX: Next year I will go to China to see the Great Wall！
明年我会去中国看长城！
EX: She won’t invite you, but I will.
她不会请你，可我会。
“不会” is used in negative sentences :
明天不会下雨。/ 我不会去。
The difference between 又 and 再
Both又 and 再 indicate repetition of an action.
又(again) means the repeated action (event) occurred
in the past.
再: (again) indicates the action (event) will happen
again in the future.
EX: 昨天我吃了中国菜，今天又吃了中国菜，明天我会再吃中国菜。
S + Adj/V + 是 + Adj/V, 可是/但是
The speaker accepts the validity of a certain point of view but wishes to offer an alternative perspective or a different aspect of the matter.
EX: Chinese is difficult, but it’s very interesting.
中文难是难，可是很有意思。
EX: I do like him, but I’m not in love with him.
我喜欢是喜欢他，可是我不爱他。
S + 一 + MW + Obj + 都/也 + 不/没 + V
*the verb must be countable
EX: I don’t have any friends. (I don’t have a single friend).
我 一 个 朋 友 也 没 有。
EX: I don’t like any shirts. ( I don’t like a single shirt).
我 一 件 衬 衫 都 不 喜欢。
EX: I didn’t order any dishes.
我 一 盘 菜 都 没 点。
Obj/Topic + S + 一 + MW + 也/都 + 不/没 + V
EX：I don’t have any friends. (I don’t have a single
friend).
我一个朋友也 没有。Or 朋友我一个也没有。
EX：I don’t like any shirts. ( I don’t like a single shirt).
我一件衬衫都不喜欢。Or 衬衫我一件都不喜欢。
EX：I didn’t order any dishes.
我一盘菜都没点。Or 菜我一盘都没点。
S + 一点儿 + Obj + 也/都 + 不/没 + V
If the object is an uncountable noun, then 一点儿 should be placed in front of it.
EX: I don’t have any time.
我 一点儿 时间也没有。
EX: I don’t put any MSG.
我 一点儿 味精 也不放。
S + 一点儿 + 也/都 + 不 + adj
EX：The summer is not hot at all.
夏天 一点儿 也 不 热。
EX：His girlfriend is not pretty at all.
他的女朋友 一点儿 都 不 漂亮。
多 or 少
Placed before verb to express the idea of doing something more or less
Compare the following sentences:
我吃很多饺子。I eat a lot of dumplings.
我要多吃饺子。I want to eat more dumplings.
我喝很少的啤酒。I drink a little beer.
我要少喝啤酒。I want to drink less beer.
The difference between “刚”vs. “刚才”
刚：Adverb. The concept of “recently” is
defined by the speaker.
Ex: 我刚回来。I have just come back. (It’s hard
to tell when the speaker actually came back:
two hours ago, or maybe two weeks ago).
刚才：Noun; It indicates something just
happened, usually within the last couple of
hours.
Ex: 我刚才吃饭了。I just ate.
刚 rarely appears in the sentence with 了at the end.
刚才 can be used in a negative sentence with “不/没”, 刚 cannot.
刚才 as a time expression, can be used either at the beginning of a sentence or after the subject, 刚 as an adverb, must be placed after the subject and before the verb.
* 刚才我在这儿。 √
* 我刚才在这儿。 √
* 刚我在这儿。X
Resultative complements
A resultative complement is an adj or a verb used immediately after another verb to denote the result of an action.
完：to finish
看完 吃完 喝完 考完 买完 卖完
到：to reach the point;
找到 看到 听到 买到
见: to see; to reach certain point (used only with two verbs of perception: 看 and 听）
看见 听见
错：wrong
买错 找错 写错 说错 走错
还是… 吧
You’d better…
EX:
- 我明天想去打球。
-可是明天会下雨，你还是在家看电视吧。
S + 又 + 了
To indicate the reoccurrence of an action
EX: 昨天下雪了，今天又下雪了。
Adj. + 极了
extremely
EX: 糖醋鱼好吃极了！
S + V RC 了 + Obj.
Obj. + S + V RC 了
EX: 你写错了这个汉字。
这个汉字你写错了。
Negative: A + 没V RC.+ Obj or Topic (Subj.) 没V. RC
EX: 他没看清楚短信。
短信他没看清楚。
指南针 (zhǐ nán zhēn)
compass
On top/Above, Below/under, right, left, next to, in the middle off
Inside, in front, behind, outside
Using 一直
一直往前走
walk straight forward
Make a (direction) turn
Make a (direction) turn from a place
Make a (direction) turn at a place
Using 过 in directions
A 离 B 远 / A 离 B 近
A 离 B 远：A is far from B
A 离 B 近: A is close to B
一。。。就。。。
As soon as… then
A 没有 B + Adj/VO
A<B
A 不比 B + Adj
A is less than or equal to B
到 + Place + 去 + Action
To go somewhere to do something
Difference between 过 and 了
Using 过 to indicate past experience(s)
Reduplication of verbs
Some verbs are reduplicated to soften the tone.
A 在 B 的 Location
A在B上
On…
EX: 衣服在床上。
A在B里
In/Inside…
EX: 电脑中心在图书馆里。
在A和B(的)中间
____ is in the middle of A and B
A + 没有 + B + 那么 + Adj.
A is not as that Adj. as B
