Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PR3154 > IC15 - Soft Tissue Injuries > Flashcards

IC15 - Soft Tissue Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What are the features for periarticular pain?

A
  1. On palpation: point of maximal tenderness not at joint line
  2. Pain on active movement > passive movement
  3. Pain maximal in certain lines of muscle pull
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Name one type of non-articular pain.

A

Periarticular pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When are referrals for soft tissues needed?

A

Ligament rupture
Infection-related control
Malignancy/ metastasis (lower back pain)
Underlying visceral conditions (lower back pain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two non-pharm approach to soft tissue injuries?

A

Ricer, Harm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the components for RICER?

A

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, Referral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are components in no HARM treatment?

A

Heat, alcohol, re-injury, massage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List the three pharmacological treatment for acute non-lower back pain.

A
  1. Topical NSAIDs
  2. PO NSAIDs/ Coxib
  3. PO Paracetamol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the recommended duration of opioid prescription for severe soft tissue injury?

A

Maximum 7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sprains are related to _____ injuries

A

ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is tendonitis?

A

Inflammation of tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is bursitis?

A

Inflammation of bursae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is plantar fasciitis?

A

Inflammation of plantar fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List one common example of sprain.

A

Lateral ankle sprains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the mechanism of sprains?

A

Inversion of foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is one symptom of lateral ankle sprain?

A

Sudden onset of pain and swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many grades of sprains are there?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe grade 1 sprains in terms of severity, clinical presentation and functions.

A
  1. Mild stretching of ligaments with microscopic tears
  2. Mild swelling and tenderness
  3. Able to bear weight and move
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe grade 2 sprains in terms of severity, clinical presentation and functions.

A
  1. Incomplete tear of ligaments
  2. Mod pain, swelling and tenderness, bruises
  3. Painful weightbearing and movement, mild to moderate joint instability, some restriction in range of motion & function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the treatments for grade II sprains?

A

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevate ± pharmacotherapy (analgesics)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe grade 3 sprains in terms of severity, clinical presentation and functions.

A
  1. Complete tear of ligament
  2. Severe pain, swelling, tenderness, & ecchymosis
  3. CANNOT bear weight or ambulate (significant instability, loss of motion & function)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which grade of sprain requires referral?

A

Grade 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the features of tendonitis?

A
  1. Local pain & dysfunction on active use
  2. Inflammation
  3. Degeneration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are two medications that can cause tendonitis?

A

fluoroquinolone antibiotics & statins

23
Q

List three causes of tendonitis.

A
  1. Overuse (repeated mechanical loading)
  2. Sports injury
  3. Drug induced
24
Q

What are the three common sites of tendonitis?

A
  1. Shoulder
  2. Elbow
  3. Ankle
25
Q

When does pain occurs in bursitis?

A

Occurs when motion compresses adjacent bursa to the point where intrabursal pressure increases

26
Q

What causes acute bursitis?

A
  1. Trauma/ injury
  2. Crystal-induced process e.g. gouty bursitis
  3. Infection (septic bursitis)
27
Q

What are the symptoms associated with chronic bursitis?

A
  1. More swelling & thickening
  2. Minimal pain
28
Q

What are the secondary causes of chronic bursitis?

A

Secondary changes of contracture & muscle atrophy relating to immobility

29
Q

What are the main causes of chronic bursitis?

A
  1. Overuse
  2. Prolonged pressure e.g. kneeling / learning on
  3. Inflammatory arthritis e.g. RA / spondyloarthritis
30
Q

What are the commonly affected locations of bursitis?

A
  1. Superficial (elbow, knee cap, posterior upper thigh region between gluteus maximus & ischial tuberosity)
  2. Deep (hip, shoulder)
31
Q

Which type of bursitis can intrabursal glucocorticoid be given?

A

Deep

32
Q

What are the two common causes of plantar fasciitis?

A
  1. Prolonged standing/jumping/running on hard surfaces
  2. Flat feet / high arched feet
33
Q

What are the presentations of plantar fasciitis?

A
  1. Pain worse when walking / running (esp in morning or after period of inactivity)
  2. Pain lessens with increased activity but worse at end of day (prolonged weight-bearing)
34
Q

What are some red flags of heel/ sole pain that will require you to refer to emergency?

A
  1. Paresthesia, numbness
  2. Nocturnal
  3. Radiating pain from posterior aspect of leg to heel
  4. Trauma
  5. Fever, constant pain
  6. Sudden onset
  7. PMH/FH of inflammatory Dx
  8. Erythema nodosum
35
Q

What are the presentations of frozen shoulder?

A
  1. Unilateral
  2. Reduced function (Limited reaching overhead, to side, across chest + limited rotation)
  3. Self limiting
36
Q

What are the three phases of frozen shoulders?

A
  1. Initial (2-9 mths)
  2. Intermediate (4-12 mths)
  3. Recovery phase (5-24 mths)
37
Q

What are the symptoms of frozen shoulder in the initial stage?

A

Diffuse, severe disabling shoulder pain, worse at night, increasing stiffness

38
Q

What are the symptoms of frozen shoulder in the intermediate stage?

A

Stiffness & severe loss of shoulder motion, pain gradually lessen

39
Q

What are the symptoms of frozen shoulder in the recovery phase?

A

Gradual return of range of motion

40
Q

When are referrals needed for frozen shoulder?

A

Refer if marked loss of motion is present

41
Q

List three red flags to assess for frozen shoulders.

A
  1. Systemic symptoms of infection
  2. Malignancy
  3. Associated chronic illness
42
Q

What is the management of frozen shoulder?

A
  1. Analgesics for pain (paracetamol / NSAIDs / weak opioids?)
  2. Range of motion exercises
  3. Intraarticular glucocorticoid + physical therapy
43
Q

When should lower back pain be referred?

A

Subacute 4 – 12 weeks if no improvements with Tx

44
Q

What is the duration of lower back pain?

A

10 to 14 days (self-limiting)

45
Q

What the red flags for lower back pain?

A
  1. Neurologic symptoms
  2. Chronic glucocorticoid use, age, trauma
  3. Fever, constant pain
  4. Unintended weight loss
  5. PMH of malignancy, osteoporotic trauma
  6. Recent spinal injection/ epidural catheter placement, immunocompromised, hemodialysis, recent endocarditis/bacteremia
  7. Severe abdominal pain
46
Q

What is one differential diagnosis of lower back pain that can lead to spinal cord or cauda equina compression?

A

Herniated disc

47
Q

What are the 6 counselling points that is beneficial to low back pain?

A
  1. Do low-impact core strengthening exercises to improve spine stability (e.g. swim, brisk walk)
  2. Use correct lifting & moving techniques
  3. Maintain correct posture when sitting / standing
  4. Quit smoking
  5. Avoid stressful situations
  6. Maintain a healthy weight
48
Q

What are the characteristics of mylagia smx?

A

Diffuse, focal

49
Q

How do you manage Myalgia?

A
  1. RICE
  2. Prevention: proper warm up before exercise
50
Q

When is referral for myalgia needed?

A
  1. Infection-related esp bacterial esp endocarditis and impending sepsis
  2. Med toxicity esp statin-induced rhabdomyolysis
51
Q

What is the onset for myalgia, myopathy and myositis?

A
  1. Anytime (most within 6 months)
52
Q

What are the symptoms of myalgia, myopathy and myositis?

A

Proximal symmetric muscle weakness and/or weakness (hips, thighs, calf, rarely arms)

*Also: nocturnal cramping, stiffness, tendon pain, fatigue & tiredness

53
Q

What is one advice that should be given to patients on statins to prevent myonecrosis?

A

Advice drinking large quantities of fluids to facilitate renal excretion of myoglobin to prevent renal failure

54
Q

When should statin be discontinued for patients on statins?

A

if CK > 10 x ULN w/wo unexplained muscle smx

55
Q

When should patients on statins be referred to A&E?

A

Necrosis with myoglobinuria (rhabdomyolysis)

PR3154 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions