IC1 - Anatomy (MSK)

Question 1

Name the two skeletons types in the skeletal system

Answer 1

1. Axial
2. Appendicular

Question 2

List the 4 types of bones in the body

Answer 2

Long, short, flat, irregular

Question 3

List 3 functions of bones

Answer 3

1. Support
2. Movement
3. Protection

Others: Blood formation, electrolyte and acid-base balance, store energy

Question 4

What are the 2 bone tissues in the body?

Answer 4

Compact and Spongy

Question 5

What are the components in the bone tissues?

Answer 5

1. Cells (Osteocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts)
2. Mineralised Matrix (Organic - collagen; Inorganic - Ions and hydroxyapatite)

Question 6

What is the structural unit of compact bone called?

Answer 6

Osteon

Question 7

Where is the compact bone found?

Answer 7

Outer layer of bones and shafts of long bones

Question 8

Where are spongy bones found?

Answer 8

Skull bones, vertebrae, sternum, pelvis, ends of long bones

Question 9

Where are cartilages found?

Answer 9

Articulating ends of bones, thorax, nose, trachea, outer ear, larynx

Question 10

Are there blood vessels or nerve in the cartilages?

Answer 10

No (except perichondrium)

Question 11

Name the 3 types of cartilages

Answer 11

1. Hyaline cartilages
2. Fibrocartilages
3. Elastic cartilages

Question 12

What make up the muscle tissues?

Answer 12

Muscle Fibers

Question 13

The skeletal muscle tissue is ______ and controlled _______.

Answer 13

1. Striated
2. Voluntary

Question 14

What movements do not result from muscle contraction?

Answer 14

Cilia, flagellum, ameboid movements of some WBCs

Question 15

Describe the characteristics of skeletal muscle tissues

Answer 15

Elongated, cylindrical, unbranched and striated

Question 16

What is the main component of thin myofilaments?

Answer 16

Actin

Question 17

What is the main component of thick myofilaments?

Answer 17

Myosin

Question 18

The origin refers to muscle attachment that is ________ while muscle contracts.

Answer 18

Stationary

Question 19

The insertion refers to muscle attachment that ________ while muscle contracts.

Answer 19

moves

Question 20

What is the muscle responsible for producing of movement called?

Answer 20

Agonist

Question 21

What is the muscle responsible for assisting of movement called?

Answer 21

Synergist

Question 22

What is the muscle responsible for opposing of movement called?

Answer 22

Antagonist

Question 23

Name the 2 muscles used for I.M injections

Answer 23

Deltoid and Gluteus Maximus

Question 24

Name 3 functions of the skeletal muscles

Answer 24

1. Movements
2. Posture, position, stability
3. Support and protect

Others: Guard entrances/ exits (e.g. sphincters), maintain body temperature

Question 25

Which joint is the most mobile?

Answer 25

Synovial

Question 26

Name the 4 major components of synovial joints

Answer 26

Joint capsule, Joint cavity, synovial membrane, articular cartilage

Question 27

What are the four types of synovial joints?

Answer 27

1. Ball and socket (shoulder, hip)
2. Hinge (knee, elbow)
3. Pivot
4. Planar

Question 28

What muscle contracts to produce knee extension (i.e straightening of knee)

Answer 28

Quadriceps femoris