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PR3153 > IC1 - Anatomy (CNS) > Flashcards

IC1 - Anatomy (CNS) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the brain hemispheres separated by?

A

Longitudinal Fissure

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2
Q

What are the four lobes in the brain?

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

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3
Q

Where is the frontal lobe located?

A

Anterior to central sulcus
Superior to lateral fissure

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4
Q

Where is the parietal lobe located?

A

Posterior to central sulcus
Superior to lateral fissure

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5
Q

Where is the temporal lobe located?

A

Inferior to lateral fissure

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6
Q

Where is the occipital lobe located?

A

Posterior to parietal and temporal lobes

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7
Q

Where is the pons located?

A

Inferior to midbrain and superior to medulla oblongata

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8
Q

Where is the cerebellum?

A

Posterior to pons (hindbrain) and medulla oblongata

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9
Q

What does the cerebellum consists of?

A

Midline portion and two hemisphere

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10
Q

Neurons can ____ or _____ impulse.

A

Generate/ Conduct

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11
Q

Neurons are ______.

A

Excitable

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12
Q

Glial cells are _____.

A

non-conducting

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13
Q

A neuron is made up of ______, ______and ______.

A

dendrites, cell body, axons

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14
Q

Axons conduct impulses ____ from the cell body

A

away

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15
Q

What is not found in the axonal cytoplasm?

A

Ribosomes, RER, Golgi

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16
Q

What does the fast component in axon transport?

A

Cytoplasmic proteins, macromolecules

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17
Q

What does the slow component in axon transport?

A

Cytoskeletal components

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18
Q

Which part of the neuron conducts impulses towards the cell body?

A

Dendrites

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18
Q

What do dendrites not contain?

A

Golgi apparatus

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18
Q

What does presynaptic membrane contains?

A

Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels

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19
Q

Where is the presynaptic membrane located?

A

Presynaptic axon terminal

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20
Q

Describe what happens when there is an action potential at the axon terminal

A
  1. Ca2+ channel opens and cytosolic Ca2+ increases.
  2. Exocytosis of neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft.
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21
Q

What happens at the excitatory synapse?

A
  1. Neurotransmitter bind
  2. Na+ channel open
  3. Postsynaptic membrane depolarize
  4. Action potential in postsynaptic cell
22
Q

What happens at the inhibitory synapse?

A
  1. Neurotransmitter bind
  2. K+ and Cl- channel open
  3. Postsynaptic membrane hyperpolarize
  4. No action potential in postsynaptic cell
23
Q

What are the three glial cells?

A

Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, microglia

24
Q

What are the functions of astroctyes?

A
  1. Structural support, scar formation
  2. Regulate intracellular composition and entry of substances
  3. Metabolize neurotransmitter
  4. Mediate exchange of nutrients and metabolites between blood and neurons
25
Q

_____ astrocyte is located in the white matter while the _____ astrocyte is located in the grey matter.

A

Fibrous, Protoplasmic

26
Q

Where is the oligodendrocytes mostly located?

A

White matter

27
Q

What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

A

Produce myelin sheath

28
Q

Oligodendrocytes in the grey matter function as ______ cells.

A

Satellite

29
Q

Microglia is known as the ______ as it becomes mobile after CNS injury.

A

brain macrophages

30
Q

What are the three connective tissues elements found in PNS?

A

Epineurium, Perineurium and Endoneurium

31
Q

Where is the Schwann cells located?

A

Endoneurium

32
Q

Oligodendrocytes in CNS myelinate _____ axons while Schwann cells myelinate ______ axons.

A

Several, Single

33
Q

What are the two components of peripheral ganglion?

A

Satellite cells and connective tissue element

34
Q

Name the two arteries that supply blood to the brain.

A

Carotid and vertebral

35
Q

Name the 3 main place which the vertebral artery supply blood to

A

Spinal cord, medulla oblongata, cerebellum

36
Q

The vertebral arteries merge at the midline to form the ________.

A

Basilar artery

37
Q

Name the 3 main places which the basilar artery supply blood to

A

Pons, Cerebellum, inner ear

38
Q

The basilar artery split and divide into two _______ ________ arteries.

A

posterior cerebral

39
Q

Which parts of the brain does the posterior cerebral artery supplies?

A

Midbrain, medial (occipital lobe), base of the temporal and occipital lobes

40
Q

The internal carotid artery is situated within ________.

A

Cavernous sinus

41
Q

The internal carotid divides into ______ artery and _______ artery

A

Anterior cerebral, middle cerebral

42
Q

The anterior cerebral artery supplies the ___ surface of the hemisphere.

A

medial

43
Q

The middle cerebral artery supplies the ___ surface of the hemisphere.

A

lateral

44
Q

The Circle of Willis is important as it provides _____ circulation.

A

collateral (in event that one side is occluded slowly)

45
Q

The circle of Willis is frequent for _____.

A

aneurysms

46
Q

Where does the blood from brain drains into?

A

Venous sinuses and then internal jugular vein

47
Q

Blood from superficial part of superior aspect drains into ______.

A

superior sagittal sinus

48
Q

Blood from inferior part drains into ______.

A

transverse sinus and superficial middle cerebral vein

49
Q

The superficial middle cerebral vein drains into the _____.

A

Cavernous sinus

50
Q

Where does the blood from centre of brain drains?

A

Deep cerebral veins and then venous sinus

51
Q

What is the functions of CSF?

A
  1. Absorb shock waves from falls/ blows
  2. Remove metabolites from brain
52
Q

The _____ produces CSF.

A

choroid plexus

53
Q

Describe the flow of CSF to brain and spinal cord

A

Lateral ventricle to 3rd ventricle to 4th ventricle (via cerebral aqueduct)

54
Q

What absorbs the CSF into superior sagittal sinus?

A

Arachnoid granulations

PR3153 (16 decks)

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