IC1

Question 1

What constitutes the peripheral nervous system

Answer 1

All neurons outside brain/ spinal cord

Question 2

What does CNS include

Answer 2

Brain and spinal cord

Question 3

Forebrain includes…

Answer 3

• Cerebrum
• Diencephalon

Question 4

Hindbrain includes…

Answer 4

• Cerebellum
• Pons
• Medulla oblongata

Question 5

Brainstem includes…

Answer 5

• Midbrain
• Pons
• Medulla oblongata

Question 6

spinal cord is located in the ____

Answer 6

vertebral column

Question 7

Spinal cord is protected by ____ and surrounded by ____

Answer 7

meninges; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 8

Num of pairs of cranial nerves

Answer 8

12 pairs

Question 9

Num of pairs of spinal nerves

Answer 9

31 pairs

Question 10

The cerebral cortex is a layer of ____ on the surface of the hemispheres

Answer 10

grey matter

Question 11

How to differentiate btw gyri and sulci

Answer 11

Sulci are the indentations while gyri are the outer grooves

Question 12

Difference btw anterior and superior

Answer 12

Anterior means in front; superior means above

Question 13

Non-neuronal cells are also known as ___

Answer 13

glial cells

Question 14

Are glial cells involved in conduction?

Answer 14

No, they are non-conducting

Question 15

Neuron or non-neuronal cells make up the majority?

Answer 15

Non-neuronal; found 10x more

Question 16

Role of non-neuronal cells

Answer 16

Support and protect neurons

Question 17

Role of neuronal cells

Answer 17

Generate/Conduct impulses and are excitable

Question 18

Do neurons contain nucleus?

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

Role of axons

Answer 19

Conduct impulses away from cell body of neuron

Question 20

The axonal cytoplasm (axoplasm) lacks ______

Answer 20

ribosomes, RER, and the Golgi apparatus

Question 21

Role of dendrites

Answer 21

Conduct impulses toward the cell body of neuron

Question 22

Dendrites contain all the cytoplasmic components found in the cell body except the ____

Answer 22

Golgi apparatus

Question 23

Examples of glial cells

Answer 23

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia

Question 24

Which glial cell type makes up the majority

Answer 24

Oligodendrocytes

Question 25

Role of oligodendrocytes

Answer 25

White matter: Myelin sheath formation around myelinated fibers in white matter Grey matter: Closely a/w neuronal cells & Function as satellite cells

Question 26

Main role of astrocytes

Answer 26

- Structural support (to neurons & esp synapses) - Regulate entry of substances - Regulate homeostasis of glutamate - Scar formation

Question 27

Main role of microglia

Answer 27

Contains Brain macrophages and immunocompetent cells of CNS

Question 28

Largest glial cell

Answer 28

Astrocytes

Question 29

Type of astrocyte in grey matter

Answer 29

Protoplasmic astrocytes

Question 30

Type of astrocyte in white matter

Answer 30

Fibrous astrocytes

Question 31

PNS: _____ form the myelin sheath around myelinated axons

Answer 31

Schwann cells

Question 32

in the CNS, individual oligodendrocytes myelinate portions of ____

Answer 32

several axons

Question 33

In the PNS, individual Schwann cells myelinate portions of ____

Answer 33

a single axon

Question 34

The vertebral artery originates from the _____ in the neck.

Answer 34

subclavian artery

Question 35

The two vertebral arteries join to form the a single artery in the midline - the _____.

Answer 35

basilar artery

Question 36

The internal carotid artery originates from the ______ in the neck.

Answer 36

common carotid artery

Question 37

Blood from the brain drains into venous sinuses, which eventually empty into the _____.

Answer 37

internal jugular vein

Question 38

The superficial middle cerebral vein drains into the _____

Answer 38

cavernous sinus

Question 39

Blood from the centre of the brain drains into the ______.

Answer 39

deep cerebral veins

Question 40

Subdural hemorrhage can be due to a rupture of the ____

Answer 40

cerebral vein

Question 41

Because venous pressure is____, seepage is slow from subdural hemorrhage.

Answer 41

low

Question 42

Capillaries of the brain have _____ between endothelial cells, forming the _____

Answer 42

tight junctions; blood brain barrier

Question 43

Do brains have lymphatic channels?

Answer 43

No

Question 44

Role of CSF

Answer 44

- absorb shock waves from blows and falls - helps to remove metabolites from brain

Question 45

Where is CSF produced

Answer 45

Produced by choroid plexus in the cerebral ventricles