IB ESS Review: Topic 8 Terms

Question 1

Environmental Sustainability

Answer 1

meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

Question 2

Stage 1

Answer 2

• High birth rate
• High death rate
• Short life expectancy
• Typically LEDCs

Question 3

Incineration

Answer 3

burning of waste/material in a furnace at high temps leaving only gas, heat, and ashes.

Question 4

Crude birth/death rates don’t consider

Answer 4

the age and sex structure of the population

Question 5

Solid domestic waste

Answer 5

Produced by households. MEDCs produce much more than LEDCs.

Question 6

Crude Birth/Death rate

Answer 6

Total number of births/deaths per 1000 people in a population in 1 year of time.

Question 7

Stage 4

Answer 7

• Low birth rate
• Low death rate
• population growth is slow
• death rates slightly rise as age of population increases
• life expectancy improves

Question 8

Doubling time equation

Answer 8

70/annual growth rate %

Question 9

Stage 2

Answer 9

• Death rate declines
• Birth rate still high
• Rate of natural change increases
• Life expectancy increases
• Improving nutrition, public health, clean water, medical advances, sewage systems.

Question 10

Stage 3

Answer 10

• lower mortality level
• birth rate declines
• urbanization slows
• average age increases
• young population structure

Question 11

Stage 5

Answer 11

• Birth rate below death rate (population decrease)

Question 12

Rate of Natural Increase

Answer 12

(CBR - CDR) / 10

Question 13

Purpose of fish hatcheries

Answer 13

Feed fish, grow them, release them. Manage populations, stocking the lakes, add genetic diversity to the area.