IB ESS Exam Review: Topic 2 Terms Flashcards
Habitat vs. niche
Habitat: environment where a species lives.
Niche: environment and lifestyle that a species has. Includes habitat, food, activity, interactions.
Fundamental niche
The potential mode of existence of a species given its adaptations- no limits (perfect world/scenario) - full range of conditions and resources in which the species can survive and reproduce.
Realized niche
Describes the actual conditions and resources in which a species exists due to biotic interactions.
Limiting factors
A resource in limited supply that can affect the growth of a population.
Photosynthesis equation
6H2O + 6CO2 –> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Respiration equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy
Bioaccumulation
Build up of non-biodegradable pollutant within an organism or trophic level.
Biomagnification
Increase in concentration of pollutant along a food chain.
NPP equation
GPP - Respiratory loss
GSP equation
Food eaten - fecal loss
NSP equation
GSP - Respiratory loss
Types of biomes
Aquatic, forest, grassland, desert, tundra.
Succession vs. zonation
Succession: Long-term process in which communities in an area change over time.
Zonation: A special distribution pattern of organisms over a particular area.
Quadrat method
A square frame used to sample organisms in an area. EVALUATE.
Lincoln Index
N = n1*n2/nm
N = total population
n1 = number of animals marked in sample 1.
n2 = number of animals marked in sample 2
nm = number of marked animals recaptured.
Species richness
The number of species in a community and is a useful comparative measure.
Species diversity
The function of the number of species and their relative abundance and can be compared using an index.
Productivity
The conversion of energy into biomass in a given period of time.
Simpson’s diversity - know the meaning.
- Only useful when comparing two similar habitats or the same habitat over time.
Role of PH in water
Key abiotic factor that impacts aquatic plants ability to uptake ions from within the water and also impacts metabolism of plants and animals living in the water. Measure of the concentration of the H+ ion.
Detritivores
Consumers that consume dead organic material like leaf litter. Play a vital role in recycling nutrients from biomass back into the environment.
