Ib bio 9.4

Question 1

Gymnosperms vs angiosperms

Answer 1

Gymno-open seeded
angio- closed seeded

Question 2

Monocots vs dicots

Answer 2

Monocots:
-straight parralel veins
-flower parts produced in multiples of 3
-1 cotylodeon
-vascular bundles scattered in stem
-no main root (fibrous)
Dicots:
-net like branched veins
-flower parts produced in multiples of 4 or 5
-2 cotyledon
-vascular bundles arranged in ring
-has a tap root (main root)P

Question 3

Why don’t seeds need light?

Answer 3

-uses hormone gibberllin
-triggers production of amylase, which breaks down starch to maltose
-maltose broken down to glucose, which can be used for cellular respiration

Question 4

Photoperiodism

Answer 4

-plants response to light in lengths of day and night
-pf
-pfr

Question 5

Short day plant need less or more pfr? Why?

Answer 5

-more pfr
-less pr
-flower when nights long, days short
-pr inhibits
-less than 12 hours of daylight
-better in winter time when days shorter

Question 6

Long day plants need… and why?

Answer 6

-days long
-night short
-pfr inhibits growth
-summer plants cuz days longer
-needs more pr to grow

Question 7

What are day-neutral plants?

Answer 7

-day length doesn’t matter
-eg. Roses, dandelions, tomatoes

Question 8

What are two examples of photochromes?

Answer 8

-pfr(night)
-pr(day)
-both red pigments

Question 9

What does pre-germination involve?

Answer 9

maturation
-dehydration(loosing water) and little metabolic activity to overcome harsh environmental cond.

Question 10

Germination

Answer 10

-seed develops and wants to reproduce
-shoot apex grows out
-embryo using cotyledon for energy
-after shoot apex appears doesnt need cotyledon cuz has photosynthesis for energy

Question 11

What do the conditions need to be in order for gemmation to occur?

Answer 11

-water to rehydrate dead seed tissue
-good optimal temps for enzymes
-o2 for aerobic respiration and cellular resp to breakdown carbs stored in cotyledon to provide energy

Question 12

What generally occurs during pollination?

Answer 12

-pollen placed on female stigma

Question 13

Name 4 different types of pollination and how they occur/result

Answer 13

Wind pollination
-plants less attractive
-no smell/dull colours
-eg. Grasses
Animal pollination
-more attractive flowers
-scented bright
-eg. Tulips
Self pollination
-pollen from anther of plants falls on own stigma
-doesnt rely on other pollinators
-results in less genetics variation
Cross pollination
-pollen carried from another of one plant of stigma to another (same species)
-from animal pollinators
-more genetic variation
-chance female wont receive pollen

Question 14

Fertilization

Answer 14

1) pollen grain germinates and grows into pollen tube
2) pollen tube grows down style
3) in pollen tube is nucleus that produce sperm
4) pollen tube enters ovary
5) sperm moves deform tube to combine with egg in the ovule and form zygote
6) zygote develops w surrounding tissue to form a seed
7) the ovary matures into a fruit