gr 10-bio (unit 1.1)

Question 1

what is DNA and what is it responsible for?

Answer 1

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is genetic material that
stores information. DNA is responsible for variation
among all living things.

Question 2

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 2

-Cells contain two types of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
- Each nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
• The nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T).

Question 3

What are nucleic acids?

Answer 3

-Nucleic acids are larger molecules made of smaller components called nucleotides (nucleic acids are made from nucleotides)

Question 4

What is the two doublehelix strands held together by?

Answer 4

hydrogen bonds that form between each nitrogenous bases

Question 5

what is a genome?

Answer 5

a completed DNA sequence

Question 6

chromatin

Answer 6

DNA in a condensed form; visible during interphase

Question 7

chromosomes

Answer 7

a more condensed form of chromatin; visible cell division

Question 8

How many pairs of chromosomes do we have?

Answer 8

23 pairs, that is including X and Y, and without X and Y we have 22

Question 9

How many chromosomes do we have in total?

Answer 9

46

Question 10

Autosomes

Answer 10

the remaining 22 chromosomal pairs, excluding X and Y

Question 11

what are homologous chromosomes?

Answer 11

pairs of chromosomes that are similar in features such as length and centromere location but are not identical to each other.

Question 12

what are alleles?

Answer 12

different forms of the same gene

Question 13

what is a karyotype?

Answer 13

a photograph of pairs of homologous chromosomes in a cell

Question 14

how is a karyotype arranged?

Answer 14

karyotype. The chromosome pairs are arranged and numbered in order of their length, from longest to shortest. The sex chromosomes are placed
last.

Question 15

describe the replication of DNA

Answer 15

• during DNA replication two molecules of DNA are made from one.
• each new molecule contains a strand from the original DNA

Question 16

how are proteins made?

Answer 16

-after DNA replicates, the genetic code is copied to RNA and translated so that proteins can be made

Question 17

what is species diversity?

Answer 17

species diversity is the variety of species in a given area.

Question 18

what is a species?

Answer 18

-a group of organisms that can interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring

Question 19

three different types of biological diversities

Answer 19

A- Within species there is genetic
diversity
B- within ecosystems there is species diversity
C- ecosystem diversity

Question 20

gene pool

Answer 20

genetic diversity within a population

Question 21

population

Answer 21

members of the same species living in the same geographical area at the same time

Question 22

ecosystem diversity

Answer 22

is the rich diversity of ecosystems found on Earth, each

of which contains many species