gr 10-chemistry (unit 2.2) Flashcards
what are compounds made out of?
atoms of different elements that are chemically combined
what are compounds classified out of?
Two categories: ionic and covalent
What is the difference between an atom and an ion
an atom is not charged and an ion is
difference between a cation and an anion
(only in ionic compounds)
cation: formed when a metal loses its electrons
anion: when a non-metal gains electrons
what are ionic compounds?
- when a metal and non-metal transfer electrons to each other to have a full valence shell
- eg. lead sulphIDE
what are binary ionic compounds?
lose one or more electrons
what are covalent compounds?
-when non-metals share electrons with other non-metals to fill their valence shells
-prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms
-eg. CO -> carbon monoxide
P5Cl7 -> pentaphosphourus heptachloride
what are the 9 elements that can share a covalent bond when its the same atom? (what are the 9 diatomic atoms)
H2, N2, O2, Cl2, Br2, I2, F2, S8, P4 (not compounds because they only contain one element)
what are polyatomic ions?
- group of atoms that has a charge
- has its own names you need to lookup
- eg. NH4+
what are multivalent compounds?
- when an element has two charges, you need to use roman numerals to indicate which
- eg. Fe2S3 -> iron (ii) sulfide
what are binary covalent compounds?
-in ionic compounds, it would be HO but in binary covalent compounds its H2O2
(same as covalent compounds)
chemical change
- a change between the connections in ions and atoms
- always involves the conversion of pure substances called reactants into other pure substances called products
chemical reaction
one or more chemical changes occurring at the same time
how is a chemical reaction represented?
- by using a chemical equation
- skeleton equation (with elements in symbol form)
- word equation (with the elements in written out word form)
what kind of attraction is found in ionic and covalent compounds?
an electrostatic bond
why do elements in compounds want full valence shells?
to achieve more stability
the law of conservation of mass
the reactants used in a chemical reaction must show up in the product
subscripts vs coefficients
subscripts show the number of atoms present and coefficients show the number of molecules of that molecule present
