gr 10-chemistry (unit 2.2) Flashcards
what are compounds made out of?
atoms of different elements that are chemically combined
what are compounds classified out of?
Two categories: ionic and covalent
What is the difference between an atom and an ion
an atom is not charged and an ion is
difference between a cation and an anion
(only in ionic compounds)
cation: formed when a metal loses its electrons
anion: when a non-metal gains electrons
what are ionic compounds?
- when a metal and non-metal transfer electrons to each other to have a full valence shell
- eg. lead sulphIDE
what are binary ionic compounds?
lose one or more electrons
what are covalent compounds?
-when non-metals share electrons with other non-metals to fill their valence shells
-prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms
-eg. CO -> carbon monoxide
P5Cl7 -> pentaphosphourus heptachloride
what are the 9 elements that can share a covalent bond when its the same atom? (what are the 9 diatomic atoms)
H2, N2, O2, Cl2, Br2, I2, F2, S8, P4 (not compounds because they only contain one element)
what are polyatomic ions?
- group of atoms that has a charge
- has its own names you need to lookup
- eg. NH4+
what are multivalent compounds?
- when an element has two charges, you need to use roman numerals to indicate which
- eg. Fe2S3 -> iron (ii) sulfide
what are binary covalent compounds?
-in ionic compounds, it would be HO but in binary covalent compounds its H2O2
(same as covalent compounds)
chemical change
- a change between the connections in ions and atoms
- always involves the conversion of pure substances called reactants into other pure substances called products
chemical reaction
one or more chemical changes occurring at the same time
how is a chemical reaction represented?
- by using a chemical equation
- skeleton equation (with elements in symbol form)
- word equation (with the elements in written out word form)
what kind of attraction is found in ionic and covalent compounds?
an electrostatic bond
