iatrogenic infections

Question 1

iatrogenic infections

Answer 1

occurs as a result of medical or surgical intervention in any patient

Question 2

nosocomial infection or healthcare associated infections HCAI

Answer 2

occurs at least 48hours after hospital admission that was not present or incubating at the time of admission.

Question 3

Community acquired infections

Answer 3

infections that are contracted outside of a hospital or are diagnosed within 48 or more up to 48 Horus post zdiaschage, Horus of admission without nay previous healthcare encounter

Question 4

woman gone under laminectomy and decompression surgery. 2 weeks later returns with infected wound. it was MRSA staph aureus and she presented with endocarditis.

what type of infection is this

Answer 4

community acquired

Question 5

common community acquired infections of

lung

upper resp tract

urine

abdomen

neuological

Answer 5

lung
- strep pneumonia, mycoplasma, influenza, covid, aspergillisu

upper resp tract 
- strep pyrogens 
strep pneumonia
infelunze 
RSV 
candida 

urine
- e.coli
klebsiella
HSV and candidida

abdomen 
-campykobacter jejune
salmonella 
norovirus
rotavrisu 

neuological 
-neisseria meningitides 
strep pneumonia 
group b strep 
e.coli 
sphyilis 
haemophilus infleunzae

Question 6

Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin that is stable to beta-lactamases and displays good activity against most gram-negative bacteria - this was given what side effect can it cause

Answer 6

Neutropenia - occurs when you have too few neutrophils, a type of white blood cells

you would need to stop this antibiotic

this neuotrpnai falls under the category of iatrogenic

Question 7

ceftaroline is a cephalosporin with bactericidal activity against resistant gram positive organisms including MRSA , strep pneumonia and gram negative bacteria.

how dp you treat neutropenia

Answer 7

granulocyte colony stimulating factor GCSF - may hasten neutrophil recovery , lessen antibiotic use and shorten hospital stay

Question 8

drugs associated with agranulocytosis

Answer 8

methimazole 
propylthiouracil 
chlramphenicol 
clozapine 
ceftaroline

Question 9

male inpatient with AML. started on IV chemo with hydration and anti-emetics. Temp of 38.9 , mild nauseas and genera malaise
most likely helpful investigation

Answer 9

blood culture

Question 10

what can be raised in a bacterial infection

Answer 10

procalcitonin - premuroso for calcitonin but in inflammation also produced by liver, kidney, pancreas and plasma conc increases

Question 11

this bacterial infection is classified as

Answer 11

nosocomial

Question 12

types of nosocomial infections

Answer 12

central lien associated blood stream infections – staph a. leading to sepsis

catheter associated UTI - e.coli - pyelonephritis

ventilator associated pneumonia - gram negative bacilli - e.coli
or gram positive cocci like staph a.

surgical site infections - staph.a

Question 13

what makes gram positive bacteria undetectable with LAL

Answer 13

gram positive bacteria to not have lipopolysaccharide on their cell surface

Question 14

blood culture positive for coaguluose negative staph infection what do you start him on

Answer 14

teicoplanin ( glycopeptide antibiotic)

if temp rises - take blood cultures, broaden antibiotic cover and consider alternative infections

covered against both positive and negative likely oragsim will be candida glabrata

Question 15

candida glabarata is a fungal oragnsim of human mucosal tissues - who is most at risk

Answer 15

high risk patients such as immunosuppressed ( HIV and chemo )