Iatrogenic emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

if haemorrhage after nasogastric intubation

appropriate actions?

A

do not pack

give time to stop

if not, endoscopy and clotting profiles

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2
Q

blood on rectal sleeve after examination

next steps?

A

inform owner
butylscopamine sedation

lube and lidocaine: protoscopy
evaluation grade of tear and location

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3
Q

which grade of rectal tear is this:

mucosa and submucosa

A

grade 1

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4
Q

which grade of rectal tear is this:

muscularis only

A

grade 2

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5
Q

which grade of rectal tear is this:

mucosa and muscularis
serosa intact

A

grade 3a

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6
Q

which grade of rectal tear is this:

mucosa and muscularis
tear into mesocolon

A

grade 3b

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7
Q

which grade of rectal tear is this:

all layers affected

A

grade 4

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8
Q

3 surgical options for rectal tear

A

1) direct suture
2) rectal liner
3) temporary diverting colostomy

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9
Q

medical management of rectal tear

A

penicillin
flunixin
tetanus status check
+/- epidural and packing of rectum

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10
Q

antimicrobial ointment useful for burns?

A

silver sulfadiazine

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11
Q

after a stable fire why may a horse have hypovolaemia

A

burn shock

tx iv fluids

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12
Q

what temp water apply to burns on horse?

A

lukewarm

not too cold

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13
Q

ideal suture material for equine skin layer?

A

monofilament polypropylene 3-3.5 metric

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14
Q

ideal suture material for equine subcutaneous layer?

A

3 metric absorbable poliglecaprone

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15
Q

when managing an equine wound:

1) analgesia IV followed by oral course

2) antibiotics IV/IM followed by oral
- which antibiotic is best for this?
- why can you not give it if you plan on sedating the horse later

A

trimethoprim sulphonamide

will give fatal arrhythmia

give different AB, sedate and suture, then give trimethaprim sulphonamide after

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16
Q

when to remove skin sutures/ staples?

A

10-14 days after

17
Q

how fast does epithelisation occur?

A

1mm per week

18
Q

traumatic injuries
slow healing wounds
excessive skin burns
deformity causing scarring

indications for which kind of wound management?

A

skin grafts

19
Q

what are free grafts?

A

pinch/punch/ tunnel grafts

using autografts
taken from less visible site
risk of white hairs at donor site

20
Q

what are solid or meshed sheet skin grafts?

A

used if insufficient skin to cover whole area

pectoral region mostly used> sutured closed after

21
Q

what are meek micrografts?

A

specialist, more likely for grafts to be accepted, cover large skin defects

22
Q

when does bone sequestrum form?

A

damaged bone exposed to air

needs to be surgically removed