Ian's General Last Minute

Question 1

Gait cycle - heel strike - stand phase - muscles

Answer 1

hip extensors contract to stabilize the hip
quadriceps contract eccentrically
tibialis anterior contracts eccentrically

Question 2

Gait cycle - mid stance - (single limb support)

Answer 2

hip extensors and quads undergo concentric contraction

Question 3

Midswing/Terminal swing?

Answer 3

Dorsiflexors con/Hamstrings con

Question 4

C7 level

Answer 4

Fully independent transfers, wheel chair

Question 5

C6 level

Answer 5

Wheel chair, slider board

Question 6

Mesoderm

Answer 6

muscle, vertebral body (from paired somites)

Question 7

Ectoderm

Answer 7

spinal cord nerve

Question 8

Apical ectodermal ridge vs. ZPA (Shh)

Answer 8

longitudinal vs. Ap and radioulnar

Question 9

Bone stem cells

Answer 9

Mesenchymal - blasts

Question 10

In lateral corticospinal tract order from inside out

Answer 10

CTLS

Question 11

Rubrospinal

Answer 11

Flexor, voluntary muscle contraction

Question 12

Rickets - only 2 with increased phosphate

Answer 12

renal osteodystrophy, hypophosphatasia

Question 13

Rickets - only 4 with increased PTH

Answer 13

hyperPTH, vit d deficient, type 1 vit d dependent, renal osteodystrophy

Question 14

Rickets - only 2 increased calcium

Answer 14

Hypophosphatasia, hyperPTH

Question 15

Rickets - only one with low ALP

Answer 15

Hypophosphatasiax

Question 16

Rickets - 3 Autosomal recessive

Answer 16

Hypophosphatasia, Type 1 and 2 vit d dependent

Question 17

Rickets - which is x linked dominant

Answer 17

X linked dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (Familial)

Question 18

Triangular space

Answer 18

Scapular circumflex

Question 19

Triangular interval

Answer 19

Radial nerve and profunda brachii

Question 20

Quadrangular space

Answer 20

Axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery

Question 21

Congenital scoliosis - progression! Worst…best

Answer 21

1. Unilateral unsegmented bar contralateral hemi
2. Unsegmented bar
3. Double hemi
4. Single hemi
5. Wedge
6. Block

Question 22

Hindfoot valgus

Answer 22

Increased kites angle! (normal 20-40)

Question 23

Diabetic

Answer 23

ABI >0.45, Toe pressure >40, Albumin >3.5, Transcutaneous oxygen pressure 30