I's in the Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

iconic memory

A

a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli which lasts no more than a few tenths of a second

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2
Q

id

A

a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. Pleasure principle, immediate gratification

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3
Q

identification

A

the process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents’ values into their developing superegos

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4
Q

identity

A

our sense of self

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5
Q

implicit memory

A

retention independent to conscious recollection

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6
Q

imprinting

A

the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life

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7
Q

inattentional blindness

A

failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.

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8
Q

incentive

A

a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

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9
Q

independent variable

A

the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied

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10
Q

individualism

A

giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications

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11
Q

industrial-organized (I/O) psychology

A

the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

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12
Q

informational social influence

A

information resulting from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality

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13
Q

informed consent

A

an ethical principle that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate

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14
Q

ingroup

A

“us” – people with whom we share a common identity

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15
Q

ingroup bias

A

the tendency to favor our own group

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16
Q

inner ear

A

the innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs

17
Q

insight

A

a sudden realization of a problem’s solution

18
Q

insight therapies

A

a variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses

19
Q

insomnia

A

reoccurring problems in falling or staying asleep

20
Q

instinct

A

a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

21
Q

intellectual disability

A

a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life

22
Q

intelligence

A

mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

23
Q

intelligence quotient (IQ)

A

defined originally by the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100.

24
Q

intelligence test

A

a method for assessing an individuals mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others

25
Q

intensity

A

the amount of energy in a light or sound wave as determined by the wave’s amplitude

26
Q

interaction

A

the interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor depends on another factor

27
Q

internal locus of control

A

the perception that you control your own fate

28
Q

interneurons

A

neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs

29
Q

interpretation

A

the analyst’s noting supposed dream meaning, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight

30
Q

intimacy

A

the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood

31
Q

intrinsic motivation

A

a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake

32
Q

intuition

A

an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought

33
Q

iris

A

a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening