I's in the Glossary Flashcards
iconic memory
a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli which lasts no more than a few tenths of a second
id
a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. Pleasure principle, immediate gratification
identification
the process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents’ values into their developing superegos
identity
our sense of self
implicit memory
retention independent to conscious recollection
imprinting
the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life
inattentional blindness
failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.
incentive
a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
independent variable
the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied
individualism
giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications
industrial-organized (I/O) psychology
the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
informational social influence
information resulting from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality
informed consent
an ethical principle that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate
ingroup
“us” – people with whom we share a common identity
ingroup bias
the tendency to favor our own group
inner ear
the innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs
insight
a sudden realization of a problem’s solution
insight therapies
a variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses
insomnia
reoccurring problems in falling or staying asleep
instinct
a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
intellectual disability
a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life
intelligence
mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
intelligence quotient (IQ)
defined originally by the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100.
intelligence test
a method for assessing an individuals mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others
intensity
the amount of energy in a light or sound wave as determined by the wave’s amplitude
interaction
the interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor depends on another factor
internal locus of control
the perception that you control your own fate
interneurons
neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs
interpretation
the analyst’s noting supposed dream meaning, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight
intimacy
the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood
intrinsic motivation
a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake
intuition
an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought
iris
a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening
