Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSY 100 > C's in the glossary > Flashcards

C's in the glossary Flashcards

1
Q

case study

A

an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

the brain and the spinal cord.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

central route persuasion

A

occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cerebellum

A

the “little brain” at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cerebral cortex

A

the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body’s ultimate control and information-processing center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

change blindness

A

failing to notice changes in the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

chromosomes

A

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

chunking

A

organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

circadian rhythm

A

the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

classical conditioning

A

a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

client-centered therapy

A

a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within genuine, accepting, emphatic environment to facilitate client’s growth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

clinical psychology

A

a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cochlea

A

a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear, sound waves traveling through cochlear fluid trigger nerve impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cochlear implant

A

a device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cognition

A

the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cognitive dissonance theory

A

the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cognitive learning

A

the acquisition of mental info, whether by observing events, by watching others, or through language.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cognitive map

A

a mental representation of the layout of one’s environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cognitive-behavioral therapy

A

a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy with behavior therapy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

cohort

A

a group of people from a given time period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

collective unconscious

A

Carl Jung’s concept of shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species’ history

22
Q

collectivism

A

giving priority to goals of one’s group and defining one’s identity accordingly.

23
Q

color constancy

A

perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object.

24
Q

community psychology

A

a branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups.

25
Q

companionate love

A

the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

26
Q

concept

A

a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people.

27
Q

concrete operational stage

A

in Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events.

28
Q

conditioned reinforcer

A

a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer

29
Q

conditioned response (CR)

A

a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus

30
Q

conditioned stimulus (CS)

A

an originally irrelevant stimulus that comes to trigger a conditioned response.

31
Q

conduction hearing loss

A

hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea.

32
Q

cones

A

retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions. The cones detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations.

33
Q

confirmation bias

A

a tendency to search for info that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence.

34
Q

conflict

A

a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas.

35
Q

conformity

A

adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

36
Q

confounding variable

A

a factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment

37
Q

consciousness

A

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

38
Q

conservation

A

the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects.

39
Q

content validity

A

the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest.

40
Q

continuous reinforcement

A

reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs

41
Q

control group

A

in an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the treatment; contrasts with the experimental group and serves as comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment.

42
Q

corpus callosum

A

the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them

43
Q

correlation

A

a measure of the extent to which two factor vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other.

44
Q

correlation coefficient

A

a statistical index of the relationship between two things

45
Q

counseling psychology

A

a branch of psychology that assists people with problems living and in achieving greater well-being.

46
Q

counter conditioning

A

a behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors.

47
Q

creativity

A

the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas

48
Q

critical period

A

an optimal period early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development

49
Q

critical thinking

A

thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions

50
Q

cross-sectional study

A

a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another

51
Q

crystallized intelligence

A

our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills, tends to increase with age

52
Q

culture

A

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.

PSY 100 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions