HYS: CH2.2 - Meiosis and Changes in Gene Pool

Question 1

types of mutation
point - and sub types
frameshift -
chromsomal -

Answer 1

point - single nucleotide
silent - no change
missense - one amino acid for another
nonsense - change causes Stop codon

frameshift - inset/del changes reading frame and amino acid

chromsomal - complete deletions, dupli, inse, translocations

Question 2

meoisis and law of segregation

Answer 2

two alles in meoisis result in games that carry only 1 allele for an inherited trait

Question 3

segregation of gametes

Answer 3

inheritance of one gene does not affect inheritance of another

strongest in neighboring genes

Question 4

how many pairs of autosomes and reproductive chromosomes

Answer 4

22 homologous autosomes
2 sex chromsomes

Question 5

diploid and haploid in n

Answer 5

diploid - 2n
haploid - 2n

Question 6

polyploidy

Answer 6

cells of offpsring have more than 2 sets of chromosomes
2n + 2n ==> 4n

plant breeding

Question 7

meiosis produces what kinds of cells (n?) using what kinds of (n?)

Answer 7

takes 1 of 2n and splits into 4 daugher cells of each n

Question 8

a cell goes through which major events

Answer 8

interphase - cell growth G1, S, G2
division - mitosis or meiosis

meiosis - reductional division

Question 9

stages of meiosis

Answer 9

prophase - prep
metaphase - middle
anaphase - action
telephase - termination
cytokenesis - cleavage

division cycle happens twice (Meiosis I and Meiosis II)

Question 10

interphase has what kinds of chrmosomes

Answer 10

all over the place

duplicates DNA in interphase
with 2 sister chromatids forming a chromsome

connected by a centromere

Question 11

synapsis

Answer 11

groupings of two chromosmes
using synaptomenial complex allow gene combinations

only in Meiosis 1

crossing over at a chiasma which facilitates crossing over

leaves recombinant chromsomes

Question 12

nondisjunction

Answer 12

chromosomes dont seperate which leads to daughter cells with incomplete number of chromomes

unviable offspring

Question 13

each daughter cell in meiosis 1 has how many chromsomes compared to parent?

Answer 13

half as many chromsomes as mother cell but each has 2 different chromatids

we need to split the chromatids in the second phase

Question 14

does recombination (crossing over) occur in meiosis 2?

Answer 14

no

Question 15

when does chromsomal corssing over occur in meiosis?

Answer 15

in prophase I not prophase 2
occurs between NON sister chromatic and involves a tetrad and a chiasma (cross point) using zipper like a synaptomeneal complex

Question 16

why would we expect most dogs with brown fur to have brown eyes if the genes for brown fur and brown eyes are close together on a chromsome?

Answer 16

based on law of segregation, genes that are close to eachother on same chromosome tend to travel together bc there is less space and less changes that crossing over in prophase meiosis 1 will happen in the space in between them

crossing over is most likely in distant genes which would not gaurantee the traits are posessed at same time in individuals