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Endocrinology > Hypothyroidism > Flashcards

Hypothyroidism Flashcards

1
Q

what happens to T4 levels?

A

↓T4

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2
Q

most common cause of hypothyroidism?

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

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3
Q

is hashimoto’s thyroiditis primary or secondary?

A

1° thyroid failure

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4
Q

what type of disease is hashimoto’s thyroiditis?

A

autoimmune

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5
Q

in hashimoto’s thyroiditis which leukocytes are involved?

A

T lymphocytes

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6
Q

T lymphocytes attack what gland in hashimoto’s thyroiditis?

A

thyroid gland

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7
Q

90% of people hashimoto’s thyroiditis have what antibodies?

A

anti-TPO antibodies

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8
Q

what hypothyroidism is this:

fibrous tissue replaces normal thyroid tissues, get a pain less goitre?

A

Riedel thyroiditis

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9
Q

which drugs can cause hypothyroidism?

-2

A

lithium and amiodarone

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10
Q

Inborn errors of thyroid hormone synthesis are called what?

A

Congenital hypothyroidism

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11
Q

which surgery/procurers can cause hypothyroidism?

-2

A

resected thyroid or irradiation

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12
Q

which element do you need to make thyroid hormone?

A

Iodine

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13
Q

most common cause of hypothyroidism in developing worlds

A

Iodine deficiency

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14
Q

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis more common in females or males?

A

females

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15
Q

which hypothyroidism can only occur in females?

A

Postpartum thyroiditis

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16
Q

can hypothyroidism be idiopathic?

A

yes

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17
Q

can you get goitre in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?

A

yes

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18
Q

will goitre in hashimoto’s thyroiditis be tender?

A

no

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19
Q

character of goitre in hashimoto’s thyroiditis?

-2

A

firm, non tender

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20
Q

hashimoto’s thyroiditis is assoc with what other autoimmune diseases?
-3

A

coeliac disease, T1DM, vitiligo

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21
Q

hashimoto’s thyroiditis is how many x more common in females?

A

10x

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22
Q

Define goitre?

A

swollen neck from enlarged thyroid gland

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23
Q

what gutturia (latin) mean literally?

A

throat

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24
Q

define diffuse goitre?

A

entire thyroid gland swollen

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25
Q

define nodular goitre?

A

small lumps on thyroid gland

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26
Q

how do diffuse goitre and nodular goitre differ when you feel them?

A

diffuse goitre - not lumpy

nodular goitre - lumpy

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27
Q

define non-toxic goitre?

A

thyroid function is normal

28
Q

define toxic goitre?

A

thyroid function abnormal

29
Q

why is goitre made essentially in hypothyroidism?

A

compensate for low TH

30
Q

effect of iodine on the thyroid cells?

A

hyperplasia

31
Q

step by step how can I- Deficiency lead to goitre?

A

I- Deficiency > ↓T4 & T3 levels > ↑TSH to compensate > iodine influx into thyroid gland > thyroid cell hyperplasia > goitre made

32
Q

Congenital Hypothyroidism:

how many neonates are affected?

A

1/4000 neonates

33
Q

why is congenital hypothyroidism an emergency?

A

If not treated within first 4 week you get irreversible cognitive impairment

34
Q

how to screen for congenital hypothyroidism?

A

heel prick test

35
Q

what happens to tone in congenital hypothyroidism?

A

hypotonia

36
Q

what happens to skin in congenital hypothyroidism?

A

jaundice

37
Q

what happens to tongue in congenital hypothyroidism?

A

macroglossia

38
Q

congenital hypothyroidism:

what are the extra features?
-6

A

jaundice
short stature
puffy face, macroglossia, hypotonia
delayed physical and mental milestones

39
Q

is riedel’s thyroiditis

rare or common?

A

Very rare

40
Q

in riedel’s thyroiditis how will goitre feel?

-2

A

hard painless goitre

41
Q

how does thyroid gland change in riedel’s thyroiditis?

A

dense fibrous tissue replaces normal thyroid tissue

42
Q

in riedel’s thyroiditis as goitre grows what will eventually happen?

A

compression on nearby structures

43
Q

compressive symptoms from goitre?

-6

A 
hoarseness
dysphagia
stridor
dyspnoea
choking
cough
44
Q

Treatment for riedel’s thyroiditis?

-2 things

A

prednisolone + surgery to resect some thyroid

45
Q

Definition of Subclinical Hypothyroidism?

A

normal T4 but ↓TSH

46
Q

Cause of subclinical hypothyroidism?

A

multinodular goitres

47
Q

which gender is effected more by subclinical hypothyroidism?

A

females

48
Q

prognosis for subclinical hypothyroidism?

A

usually TSH goes back to normal spontaneously

49
Q

treatment for subclinical hypothyroidism if TSH still low after a while?

A

low-dose antithyroid agents for 6 months

50
Q

hypothyroidism:

main gut symptom?

A

Constipation

51
Q

hypothyroidism:

mood change?
-1

A

Depressed

52
Q

hypothyroidism:

weight changes?

A

weight gain

53
Q

hypothyroidism:

symptom that effects women only?

A

Menorrhagia

54
Q

define Menorrhagia?

A

heavy periods

55
Q

symptoms of hypothyroidism?

-6

A 
Constipation 
Cold
Tired
Depressed
Weight gain
No eyebrows
56
Q

hypothyroidism 1° to thyroid gland.

what are the TFT results?

A

↓T4 ↑TSH

57
Q

hypothyroidism 2° to thyroid gland.

what are the TFT results?

A

↓T4 ↓TSH

58
Q

pt has normal T4 and ↓TSH.

what condition is this?

A

subclinical hypothyroidism

59
Q

pt has hypothyroidism.

U+E changes?
-2

A

↓Na+

↑CK

60
Q

pt has hypothyroidism.

LFT changes?
-2

A

↑bilirubin, ALT

61
Q

pt has hypothyroidism.

what happens to LDH?

A

↑

62
Q

what does LDH stand for?

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

63
Q

1st line IX to see goitres?

A

US

64
Q

mainstay drug for hypothyroidism?

A

levothyroxine

65
Q

Levothyroxine is an analogue of what hormone?

A

T4

66
Q

If hypothyroidism untreated it can lead to what emergency?

A

myxoedema Coma

Endocrinology (16 decks)

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