Complications of diabetes, microvascular

Question 1

through what mechanism does hyperglycaemia cause endothelium damage?

Answer 1

ROS and ↓NO

Question 2

three main types of microvascular diabetes?

Answer 2

RETINOPATHY
NEUROPATHY
NEPHROPATHY

Question 3

Screening test for neuropathy?

Answer 3

128Hx tuning fork to check vibration

Question 4

Symptoms of neuropathy?

-4

Answer 4

pain
paraesthesia
loss vibration + sensation

Question 5

Types of Neuropathies?
-3

define each?

Answer 5

Mononeuropathy – one nerve affected
Polyneuropathy – multiple nerves affected
Polyradiculopathy – spinal nerve roots affected

Question 6

how does hyperglycaemia effect glomerulus structure?

-2

Answer 6

thickens basement membranes of glomerulus + glomerulus lesions

Question 7

how does hyperglycaemia effect glomerulus structure?
-2

how will this impact on glomerulus function initially ?

Answer 7

thickens basement membranes of glomerulus + glomerulus lesions

Protein leaks through (proitenuria/albuminuria)

Question 8

how does hyperglycaemia effect GFR in later stages?

effect on U+Es in blood?
-1

Answer 8

↓GFR

↑blood creatinine

Question 9

Screening test for nephropathy?

Answer 9

urine dip

Question 10

New vessels in eyes move a lot can cause what complication?

Answer 10

tractional retinal detachment

Question 11

Cotton wool spots, sign of what?

Answer 11

ischaemia

Question 12

problem with neo vessels in the eye?

Answer 12

Fragile and leaks easily > Haemorrhage

Question 13

if retina ischemic what hormone released?

Answer 13

VEGF

Question 14

if VEGF being released in the eye, what type of retinopathy is this now?

Answer 14

Proliferative