hypothesis testing Flashcards
it means drawing of conclusion from the data
inference
it can be defined as the drawing of conclusions from qualitative and quantitative information using methods of statistics to describe and arrange the data and to test suitable hypothesis
statical inference
inductive reasoning vs deductive reasoning
■ Inductive reasoning
To lead out from
Specific to general
reasoning.
■ Deductive reasoning
To lead into
General to specific
reasoning.
they are predictions about what the examination of appropriately collected data will show
hypotheses
- states your predictions about what your research will find
It is an answer to your research question that has not yet been tested.
hypothesis
what are some of the following principles that science are based on
★ Previous experiences serve as the basis for developing hypotheses.
○ Pattern recognition
★ Hypotheses serve as the basis for developing predictions.
★ Predictions must be subjected to
experimental or observational testing
★ If predictions are consistent with the data, they are retained, but if they are inconsistent with the data, they are rejected or modified.
[experiences > hypothesis > predictions > test and result]
false positive vs false negative
false +ve:
aka alpha/ type 1 error
data support a hypothesis
H is false
false -ve:
aka beta/ type 2 error
data does not support a hypothesis
H is true
what is the goal for testing hypothesis
reject the H0 and accept H1
*there shld be a difference and shld be observable as the difference may not be significant
what is the process of testing hypothesis
develop H0 and H1
establish alpha level
perform test of statistical significance (z-test or t-test)
compare p value obtained with alpha level
conclude
why is 95% used and not 90% or 99%
if 90%, there is a lot of room of interval
99%, used in medical as it is very accurate and sensitive (99% = 0.1)
what does it mean
p = 0.05
confidence interval is 95%
willing to run a 5% risk of being in error when rejecting H0 and accepting H1
It is simply a linear transformation of your data that tells you how many standard deviations above/below the mean each original data point falls.
z score
Statistical test used to determine whether there is significant difference between
the sample mean and the population mean or between the means of the two groups when the population variance is known, and the sample size is large.
z test
this is used when the population/ sample is more than 30
z test
Statistical test used to determine whether there is a significance difference between the means of 2 groups or between a sample mean and a known value.
z test
