Hypothesis

Question 1

H1 (first/alt. Hyp) EXAMPLE

Answer 1

There would be correlation between DV and IV

Question 2

H0 EXAMPLE (NULL)

Answer 2

No correlation between DV and IV

Question 3

What might affect findings?

Answer 3

Measures / definitions / samples

Question 4

What if something is a chance finding?

Answer 4

We repeat

Question 5

What is the P value and statistical significance

Answer 5

Gives probability of getting data if null = 0

Question 6

Accepting H1 what does it mean?

Answer 6

means that the results of the study support the alternative hypothesis. In other words, there is evidence to suggest that the relationship or effect proposed in H1 is statistically significant. This indicates that the researcher’s initial hypothesis was correct or supported by the data collected in the study.

Question 7

Rejecting H1

Answer 7

means that the results of the study do not support the alternative hypothesis
not enough evidence to suggest that the relationship or effect proposed in H1 is statistically significant. This indicates that the researcher’s initial hypothesis was not supported by the data collected in the study.

Question 8

H0

Answer 8

Symbol for null hypothesis

Question 9

U1 and u2

Answer 9

Population and other pop.

Question 10

A hypothesis is a xxxxx xxxxxx about a phenomenon

Answer 10

Proposed explanation

Question 11

Hypothesis definition

Answer 11

Precise statement of assumed relationship between variables.

Question 12

Difference between null and alt.

Answer 12

The null hypothesis is the statement or claim being made (which we are trying to disprove) and the alternative hypothesis is the hypothesis that we are trying to prove and which is accepted if we have sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis.

Question 13

How to decide if there is efficient evidence against null?

Answer 13

• decide upon asignificance level. The5%significance level is a common choice for statistical test.
• collect data and calculate thetest statisticand associatedp-valueusing the data.
  Assuming that the null hypothesis is true, thep-valueis the probability of obtaining a sample statistic equal to or more extreme than the observed test statistic.

Question 14

parametric hypothesis

Answer 14

assumes that the data follows aNormal probability distribution(with equal variances if we are working with more than one set of data) . Aparametric hypothesis testis a statement about the parameters of this distribution (typically the mean). This can be seen in more detail in theParametric Hypotheses Tests section.

Question 15

non-parametric

Answer 15

non-parametric testassumes thatthe data does not follow any distributionand usually bases its calculations on themedian. Note that although we assume the data does not follow a particular distribution it may do anyway

Question 16

One-tailed tests

Answer 16

used when the alternative hypothesis states that the parameter of interest is either bigger or smaller than the value stated in the null hypothesis.

Question 17

Two-tailed tests

Answer 17

used when the hypothesis states that the parameter of interestdiffersfrom the null hypothesis but does not specify

Question 18

Type 1 error

Answer 18

made if we reject the null hypothesis when it is true (so should have been accepted).

Question 19

Type 2 error

Answer 19

Error made when we accept the null hyp when it is false - we should have rejected the null and accepted alt.