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Metabolism and Homeostasis > Hypothalamus and pituitary > Flashcards

Hypothalamus and pituitary Flashcards

1
Q

How is the hypothalamus connected to the pituitary gland?

A

Pituitary stalk

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2
Q

How is the anterior pituitary connected to the hypothalamus?

A

Blood vessels (portal vessels)

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3
Q

How is the posterior pituitary connected to the hypothalamus?

A

Neurosecretory neurons

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4
Q

What hormones does the posterior pituitary secrete?

A

Oxytocin and ADH

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5
Q

What is the function of oxytocin?

A

Positive feedback during child brith and suckling.

Mammary glands

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6
Q

What is the function of ADH?

A

Increases reabsorption of water when body water is low

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7
Q

What stimulates the production of hormones from the anterior pituitary?

A

Neurohormones arriving in the portal veins from hypothalamus. Arrive at a cluster of endocrine cells which synthesise the hormone

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8
Q

Where are hormones released form the pituitary gland made?

A

Hypothalamus

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9
Q

What hormones do anterior pituitary secrete?

A 
FSH and LH
Growth hormone
TSH
Prolactin
ACTH
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10
Q

What are tropic hormones?

A

Hormones whose target is another endocrine cell

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11
Q

What is a trophic hormone?

A

Any hormone that stimulates an element of cell growth in its target

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12
Q

Which hormones secreted by anterior pituitary are tropic hormones?

A

ACTH
TSH
FSH
LH

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13
Q

Which hormones secreted by anterior pituitary are non-tropic?

A

Growth hormone

Prolactin

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14
Q

What is hyperthyroidism?

A

Excess thyroid hormone

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15
Q

Describe the steps that lead to the release of thyroxine

A

TRH (TSH releasing hormone) from hypothalamus.

TSH from anterior pituitary

Thyroxine from thyroid

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16
Q

If there is a tumour in the thyroid gland what will happen to other hormones?

A

Increase thyroxine from the thyroid, causes negative feedback and decreases TSH and TRH

17
Q

What is a secondary hyper section due to pituitary problems and how will this affect hormone levels?

A

Tumour in the anterior pituitary gland. Increases levels of TSH, this increases levels of thyroxine. Negative feedback loop decreases levels of TRH but not TSH

18
Q

What is a secondary hyper section due to hypothalamic problems?

A

Tumour in the hypothalamus leading to increased levels of TRH, leading to increased TSH and increased thyroxine. All negative feedback loops fail

Metabolism and Homeostasis (13 decks)

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