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Metabolism and Homeostasis > Endocrinology > Flashcards

Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hormone?

A

Chemical signal secreted by specialised cells secreted into the blood in small amounts to act on target cell

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2
Q

How are peptide hormones made?

A

Transcribed from DNA and translated from mRNA on ribosomes on the ER

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3
Q

Are peptide hormones hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

A

Hydrophilic

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4
Q

How are steroid hormones synthesised?

A

From cholesterol

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5
Q

How are steroid hormones released from secreting cells?

A

Diffusion

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6
Q

Are steroid hormones hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

A

Hydrophobic

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7
Q

Are steroid hormones lipophilic or lipophobic?

A

Lipophilic

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8
Q

How are biogenic amines synthesised?

A

Derived from the AA tyrosine

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9
Q

Name a lipophilic biogenic amine

A

Thyroxine

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10
Q

Name a hydrophilic biogenic amine

A

Adrenaline

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11
Q

How are lipophilic biogenic amines released from secreting cells?

A

Diffusion

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12
Q

How are hydrophobic biogenic amines released from secreting cells?

A

Exocytosis

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13
Q

What type of hormones can travel freely in the blood?

A

Hydrophilic peptide hormones

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14
Q

What type of hormones need transporters in the blood?

A

Hydrophobic steroid and thyroid hormones

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15
Q

Name the main non-specific carrier

A

Albumin

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16
Q

What is the specific carrier for cortisol?

A

Transcortin

17
Q

Why are hydrophobic hormones bound to carriers?

A

Makes them biologically inactive which lengthens the half life and stops them being degraded by the liver

18
Q

How do hydrophobic hormones cause a response in the cell?

A

Into the cytosol, bind to a receptor in the cytosol or nucleus

19
Q

How do steroid hormones alter the level of protein activity in the cell?

A

The hormone receptor complex bind to a promoter region on the DNA and activates or inhibits transcription

20
Q

Name 3 pathways that can be activated by hydrophilic hormones binding to plasma receptors

A

Receptor operated channels
Cyclic AMP pathways
Tyrosine kinase pathway

21
Q

What is simple control?

A

Control only affecting 1 gland

22
Q

State a simple control in our bodies?

A

Glucose control

Metabolism and Homeostasis (13 decks)

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