Hypothalamus

Question 1

Vascular organ of the lamina terminalis forms the lateral wall of the ________.

Answer 1

3rd ventricle

Question 2

_______ and ___________ are soecialized brain structures with the ability to “sample” outside of the BBB. They can monitor CSF and blood.

Answer 2

Subfornical organ and OVLT (Vascular organ of the lamina terminalis)

Question 3

There’s a tract directly from the retina called the ____________ that provides the hypothalamus with information about light.

Answer 3

Retino-hypothalamic tract

Question 4

_________ is an important structure for communication between the hypothalamus and pituatary.

Answer 4

Median eminence

Question 5

The _________ is a very large fiber tract in the hypothalamus, which is an output from the hippocampus to the hypothalamus. It’s a very visible landmard, extending out in lateral direction.

Answer 5

fornix

Question 6

the anterior hypothalamus is marked by the __________. Which structures are found in this area?

Answer 6

chiasm

OVLT

Anterior nucleus

Preoptic area

Question 7

The OVLT is surround by ________ neurons.

Answer 7

GnRH

*Involved in gonad regulation, regulating the mestrual cycle, voulation, testoterone levels

Question 8

What does the anterior nucleus detect?

Answer 8

Overheating of the body and regulates the menstrual cycle, ovulation, and testosterone

Question 9

What is the function of the medial preoptic area?

Answer 9

Involved in sleep and communicates with vasopressin neurons for water balance

NOTE: This area also has the sexually dimorphic nucleus, which is larger in males than in women

Question 10

Primary regulator of circadian rhythms

Answer 10

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

*Sits right above the optic chiasm

• At night the system releases melatonin

Question 11

Where is the paraventricular nucleus located?

Answer 11

Around the 3rd ventricle

Question 12

The supraoptic nucleus ahs two populations of magnocellular neurons, which produce either _______ or _______.

Answer 12

Oxytocin vasopressin via the posterior pituatary

Question 13

Parvicellular oxytocin neurons are implicated in ________ and _________.

Answer 13

Social bonding and love

*Parvicellular neurons are found in paraventricular nucleus

Question 14

What are the functions of the ventromedial nucleus of the mediobasal hypothalamus?

Answer 14

• Reuglates female sexual behavior
• Major contributor to regulation of feeding

REMEMBER: The preoptic area regulates male sexual behavior

Question 15

What is the function of the arcuate nucleus?

Answer 15

• Primary regulator of feeding behavior
• Detection of solutes across the BBB

Question 16

What is the responsibility of the posterior nucleus of the posterior hypothalamus?

Answer 16

Thermoregulation in that it controls shivering and heat retention

Question 17

The main tracts from the limbic system to the hpothalamus come from what structure?

Answer 17

Mamillary bodies

Question 18

Which hypothalamic nucleus is associated with the anterior pituatary?

Answer 18

Paraventricular nucleus (Parvicellular neurons)

*Inhibits hormones released by the anterior pituatary

Question 20

Anterior pituitary receives its signal from these _______ neurons, as to whether or not it should produce hormone.

Answer 20

Parvicellular

Question 21

Which hypothalamic nucleus is primarily important in autonomics?

Answer 21

Paraventricular nucleus

Question 22

Descending autonomic tracts stem from the paraventricular nucleus. They control ____________ (parsympathetic/ sympathic )preganglionic neurons in the brainstem and _________(parasympathetic/sympathetic) in the spinal cord.

Answer 22

Parasympathetic; sympathetic

Question 23

Descending hypothalmic sympathetic fibers run along with the _________.

Answer 23

Spinothalamic tract

Question 24

Anterior hypothalamic neurons regulate responsed to ___________ body temp, and posterior hypothalamic neurons regulate responsed to ________ body temp.

Answer 24

increased; decreased

Question 25

Baroreceptors in the heart convey blood pressure information (via the ____________) to preoptic neurons that regulate drinking and to vasopressin neurons in the PCN and SON.

Answer 25

Solitary nucleus

Question 26

Feeding behavior is regulated by which groups of the hypothalamus?

Answer 26

Arcuate

Ventromedial

Lateral

Question 27

Lesions of the ___________cause hyperphagia and obesity. Lesions of the ___________ lead to aphagia and wasting.

Answer 27

arcuate/VMN ; lateral hypothalamus

Question 28

The ____________ nucleus contains glucose-sensing cells that monitor blood glucose levels.

Answer 28

arcuate