Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SF2- Exam 4 > Blood Supply to Brainstem > Flashcards

Blood Supply to Brainstem Flashcards

1
Q

With stroke there are only 3 long tracts that we need to worry about. What are they?

A

corticospinal, spinothalamic, and dorsal columns/medial lemniscus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

If the ___________ is lesion, there may be no symptoms in the face, only from the neck and downward.

A

SPINAL CORD

EXCEPTION: Horner’s syndrome. If the lesion is in the upper part of the spinal cord, either cervical or upper thoracic levels, the patient presents with ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

With a lesion of the spinal cord, loss of fine touch/ proprioception and motor loss present ____________, while lose of pain/ temperature presents ____________.

A

ipsilaterally; contralaterally

REMEMBER: For the spinothalamic pathway, symptoms will be 2 spinal segments below the lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

According to Dr. Wilson, _____________ signs are the most useful as far as tract locations, particularly if there’s a lesion of the brainstem.

A

cranial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CN III is located medially in the _______, CN VI is in _______, and CN XII is in the _________.

A

midbrain;caudal pons; medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is nucleus ambiguus located?

A

In the lateral medulla, in the reticular formations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What structures are supplied by the posterior spinal artery?

A

An obstruction here produces ipsilateral loss of fine touch. There is also complete anesthesia of the dermatomes supplied by the dorsal horns.

*Each artery supplies ONE dorsal column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What would happen if the anterior spinal artery was obstructed?

A

The ventral horns are affected and so muscles innervated by these ventral horns will have flaccid paralysis. Muscles below the lesion will have spastic paralysis due to damage of the corticospinal tract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The spinal arteries supply the_________medulla.

A

caudal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Thrombi from the heart seldom form vertebral emboli. Why?

A

because of the angle at which the artery is given off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the relationship between stroke and heart attack?

A

A thrombus/clot can form as a result of tissue infarct due to a heart attack; the thrombus can break free, and travel upward to the brain, leading to stroke.

NOTE: emboli don’t usually enter the vertebral arteries. The carotid arteries are generally more at risk for carrying emboli, particularly the internal carotids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If an embolus travels up to the brain, the artery where it most often gets caught or stops is the __________.

A

middle cerebral artery.

*The middle cerebral artery is NOT apart of the circle of willis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Vertebral arteries supply the ________ part of the medulla

A

medial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Obstruction of the _____________at the caudal medulla affects the pyramidal tracts, resulting in hemiparesis, and the hemisensory loss of pain/temp

A

anterior spinal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A lesion of AICA results in __________

A

monoaural hearing loss.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The medial medulla is supplied by _________, __________, and ___________.

A

Anterior spinal, Medial branches of vertebral, and AICA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which nerves and tracts are damaged in medial medullary syndrome?

A

Nerves

  • CN XII - Tongue movements affected

Tracts

  • MLF
  • Medial lemniscus
  • Corticospinal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If cranial nerve 6 is affected, where must the lesion be?

A

Caudal pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

____________ branches come off the basilar, close to the midline. Damage to these branches would result in what?

A

Paramedian

Damage: Lateral recutus palsy (resulting in medial stribismus) because the fibers from the abducens nerve passes through the area where the paramedian branches pass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Damage to the paramedian branches of the paramedian branches of the basilar artery can result in:

A
  • Damage to abducens
    • Lateral rectus palsy
  • Damage to the medial lemniscus
    • Contralateral fine touch loss
  • Facial nerve damage
    • If lesion is lateral enough
  • Corticospinal tract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which nerve fibers and tracts are damage in medial pontine syndrome?

A

Nerves

  • CN VI
  • CN VII (if lateral enough)

Tracts

  • Medial lemniscus
  • Corticospinal tract
  • MLF (if lesion extends dorsally)
  • Corticobulbar Tract
  • Corticopontine Fibers & Pontine Nuclei
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The proximal part of the posterior cerebral artery is called ______. Where is it located?

A

P1

*Located between the basilar and posterior communicating artery

23
Q

Weber syndrome presents with ipsilateral oculomotor palsy and contralateral hemiparesis. Damage to what is responsible for the contralateral hemiparesis?

A

The crus cerebri, which contains corticopontine fibers

24
Q

If CNIII is affected, you know the lesion Is in the _______.

A

midbrain.

25
Q

In Claude’s Syndrome, the patient presents with hemiataxia. This is due to damage to what?

A

Superior cerebellar peduncle

26
Q

What athe major components that are damaged in medial midbrain syndrome?

A

Crus cerebri

Ocumotor nerve

Superior cerebellar peducle decussation

27
Q

Bilateral infarcts at the termination of the basilar artery results in ____________, where the corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts are affected as well as CN III.

A

locked-in syndrome

28
Q

Single Artery Supplies Medial Rostral Midbrain & Thalamus, Bilaterally. Which artery is this?

A

Artery of Percheron

29
Q

•AICA, once again, comes off the basilar and supplies the __________and ___________-nuclei

A

Dorsal and ventracl cochlear

30
Q

Superior cerebellar arteries come out at the junction between __________ and _________

A

pons and midbrain

31
Q

label

A
32
Q

Superior cerebellar supplies the _______ aspect of the rostral pons and midbrain

A

lateral

33
Q

Which arteries supply the rostral, middle, and caudal dorsolateral medulla?

A

Rostral:Anterior inferior cerebellar artery

Middle: Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Caudal: Posterior spinal artery

34
Q

Descending hypothalamics run with which tract?

A

Spinothalamic

NOTE: An infarct involving the spinothalamic tract almost always involves ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome, too.

35
Q

Damage to PICA can also lead to damage of which peducle?

A

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

*So when PICA is obstructed there are ipsilateral cerebellar signs

36
Q

Is the open medulal located more rostrally or caudally?

A

Rostrally

37
Q

Lateral medullary syndrome results from obstruction of which artery?

A

PICA and vertebral arteries

38
Q

Which tract and nerve fibers are damaged in lateral medullary syndrome?

A

Tracts​

  • Spinothalamic
  • Trigeminal spinal tract
  • Descending hypothalamic fibers (runs with ST)
  • Inferior cerebellar peduncle and spinocerebellar tract

Nerves

  • Dorsal motor to vagus
  • Nucleus ambiguus
  • Solitary tract (CN VII & IX)
  • Vestibular (inferior & medial)
39
Q
A
40
Q

What is the rostral, medial, and caudal blood supply to the dorsolateral pons?

A

Rostral: Superior cerebellar artery

Middle: Circumfrential branches (long and short)

Caudal: AICA

41
Q

Obstruction of what artery is associated with lateral pontine syndrome?

A

Long circumfential branches of the basilar artery

42
Q

The medial and lateral pons are both supplied by branches of the basilar artery. What are they?

A

Medial pons: Paramedian

Lateral pons: Long circumferential

43
Q

Which nerves and tracts are affected in lateral pontine syndrome?

A

Nerves

  • Facial
  • Trigeminal motor
  • Trigeminal sensory
  • Fibers of CN VIII
  • Vestibular nucleus
  • Auditory nucleus

Tract

  • spinothalamic
  • descending hypothalamic (ST)
  • spinal trigeminal tract (and nucleus)
44
Q

If _____________are lesioned, there will be loss of vision with foveal sparing, because of the dual blood supply by the middle cerebral arteries to the occipital cortex

A

posterior cerebral arteries

45
Q

If there’s a blockage of P2, there will be decreased blood flow to the ___________.

A

visual cortex

46
Q

Anterior cerebral runs along the ____________ and supplies the frontal cortex

A

corpus callosum

47
Q

____________is a landmark for the arteries supplying the medial aspect of the cerebral cortex

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

48
Q

If the posterior cerebal artery is damage will there be foveal sparing?

A

Yes

49
Q

As the middle cerebral artery runs toward the lateral fissure, it gives off penetrating branches (lenticulostriate) that supply the basal ganglia. What is the clinical significance of this?

A

Patients with hypertension are more at risk of aneurysms in these small arteries that are supplying the basal ganglia.

50
Q

Lacunar infarcts

A

Occlusions of small penetrating arteries that supply deep structures of the brain. Prolonged hypertension causes weakening of arterial walls, and the arteries bulge out until they rupture. The area of rupture is the lacunar infarct

51
Q

Lacunar infarcts are located where?

A

Globus pallidus

52
Q

Stroke in the area of the ___________results in Gerstmann’s Syndrome, where you have difficulty recognizing your fingers, alexia, ad doing even simple mathematical calculations

A

angular cortex

*Angular cortex is in the left hemisphere, in most people

53
Q

Which areas of the brain are supplied by the middle cerebral artery?

A

Primary motor cortex (area 4), secondary motor cortex (area 6), Wernicke’s area and somatosensory cortex

SF2- Exam 4 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions